RUI: Collaborative Research: Marine Aerosols in the Arctic: Linking surface water chemistry and biology with primary particle production

这个由密歇根大学、毕格罗海洋科学实验室和维拉诺瓦大学合作的项目将研究北冰洋表面与上方大气之间的相互作用。北极经历了巨大的海冰流失和地表温度升高。这些变化影响了海气交换过程，不仅是由于开放水域面积扩大，而且是由于海冰日益破碎的地区。这些变化影响海洋微生物学，进而影响大气成分。该团队将研究大气成分变化影响云形成、性质和降水的可能性，从而影响气候。在美国和瑞典“奥登”号破冰船联合巡航期间，将进行实验，以更好地了解北极海水产生的海洋气溶胶的物理性质和化学成分。使用在海冰和开放水域的多种组合下收集的海水，还将在奥登号上进行受控大气气溶胶生成实验。将在巡航期间对海水的生物学和化学进行采样，并与周围空气中测量的气溶胶以及船上海水产生的气溶胶的成分进行比较。测量将重点关注单个气溶胶颗粒的特性、有机化合物分子组成和微生物学。将描述海水微生物学与气溶胶成分、形态和水吸收之间的具体联系。海洋气溶胶来源的性质将被定义和量化，用于气候模型，以增进对北冰洋与大气之间联系的了解。 该项目将使人们对北极海洋气溶胶的产生及其与海水微生物学的联系达到前所未有的了解。这将改进对快速变化的北极系统的北极气溶胶成分和云的预测。综合教育和外展项目活动将提高人们对北极变化的认识，并以调查人员对教育和公共外展的长期承诺为基础。该项目由三名女性研究人员领导，将涉及 3 名早期职业科学家、2 名博士。学生，1 硕士学生、5 名本科生（包括参与本科机构的研究）和 1 名来自底特律内城高中的学生。维拉诺瓦通信专业的学生将制作一部关于不断变化的北冰洋和该研究项目的纪录片短片。 PI Pratt 将担任参加底特律研究实习暑期体验的高中生的导师，PI Pratt 和联合 PI Ault 的研究小组将与“在数学、工程和科学方面表现出色的女性”项目开展外展活动。联合PI Grannas 和Matrai 将继续分别与费城和缅因湾岛屿的乡村学校进行长期的外展合作。

This collaborative project between the University of Michigan, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, and Villanova University, will investigate the interactions between the surface of the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere above. The Arctic has experienced dramatic sea ice loss and increasing surface temperatures. These changes affect air-sea exchange processes, not solely due to larger areas of open water, but also in areas of increasingly broken sea-ice. These changes impact ocean microbiology, which in turn influences atmospheric composition. The team will examine the potential for changes in the atmospheric composition to impact cloud formation, properties, and precipitation, which subsequently affect climate. During the joint U.S.-Sweden cruise of the Icebreaker Oden, experiments will be conducted to better understand the physical properties and chemical makeup of marine aerosols produced from Arctic seawater. Using seawater collected under several combinations of sea ice and open water conditions, controlled atmospheric aerosol generation experiments will also be conducted aboard the Oden. The biology and chemistry of seawater will be sampled during the cruise and compared to the composition of measured aerosols in the ambient air, as well as those generated from seawater on the ship. Measurements will focus on individual aerosol particle properties, organic compound molecular composition, and microbiology. Specific links between seawater microbiology and aerosol composition, morphology, and water uptake will be described. The nature of marine aerosol sources will be defined and quantified for use in climate models to improve understanding of Arctic ocean-atmosphere connections. The project will result in an unprecedented level of understanding of Arctic marine aerosol production and links to seawater microbiology. This will lead to improved predictions of Arctic aerosol composition and clouds for the rapidly changing Arctic system. Integrated educational and outreach project activities will increase awareness of Arctic change and build upon the investigators' longstanding commitment to education and public outreach. The project, led by three female investigators, will involve 3 early-career scientists, 2 Ph.D. students, 1 M.S. student, 5+ undergraduate students (including participation of a Research in an Undergraduate Institution), and 1 student from an inner city high school in Detroit. A short documentary film on the changing Arctic Ocean and this research project will be made by Villanova communications majors. PI Pratt will serve as the mentor for the high school student participating in the Detroit Research Internship Summer Experience, and the research groups of PI Pratt and co-PI Ault will conduct outreach with the Females Excelling More in Math, Engineering, and the Sciences program. Co-PIs Grannas and Matrai will continue longstanding outreach collaborations with Philadelphia and rural schools in the islands of the Gulf of Maine, respectively.