RUI: Collaborative Research: Marine Aerosols in the Arctic: Linking surface water chemistry and biology with primary particle production

这个由密歇根大学、毕格罗海洋科学实验室和维拉诺瓦大学合作的项目将研究北冰洋表面和上面大气之间的相互作用。北极经历了巨大的海冰损失和表面温度的上升。这些变化影响了海气交换过程，这不仅是由于开阔水域面积的扩大，而且还影响了海冰日益破碎的地区。这些变化影响海洋微生物，进而影响大气成分。该小组将研究大气成分变化对云的形成、性质和降水的潜在影响，进而影响气候。在美国和瑞典的“奥登”号破冰船联合巡航期间，将进行实验，以更好地了解从北极海水中产生的海洋气溶胶的物理性质和化学组成。利用在海冰和开阔水域条件下收集的海水，奥登号还将进行可控大气气溶胶生成实验。在巡航期间，将对海水的生物和化学成分进行采样，并与周围空气中测量到的气溶胶成分以及船上海水产生的气溶胶成分进行比较。测量将集中在单个气溶胶颗粒特性、有机化合物分子组成和微生物学上。将描述海水微生物学与气溶胶组成、形态和水分吸收之间的具体联系。海洋气溶胶源的性质将被定义和量化，用于气候模式，以提高对北极海洋-大气联系的认识。该项目将使人们对北极海洋气溶胶的产生及其与海水微生物学的联系有前所未有的了解。这将改进对北极气溶胶组成和快速变化的北极系统云的预测。综合教育和推广项目活动将提高人们对北极变化的认识，并建立在调查人员长期致力于教育和公众推广的基础上。该项目由三名女性研究员领导，将涉及3名早期职业科学家，2名博士研究生，1名硕士研究生，5名以上本科生（包括在本科机构参与研究）和1名来自底特律内城高中的学生。维拉诺瓦大学通信专业的学生将制作一部关于北冰洋变化和本研究项目的短纪录片。PI Pratt将担任参加底特律研究实习暑期体验的高中生的导师，PI Pratt和共同PI Ault的研究小组将与女性在数学，工程和科学项目中表现出色。Grannas和Matrai将分别继续与费城和缅因湾岛屿上的农村学校进行长期的外展合作。

This collaborative project between the University of Michigan, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, and Villanova University, will investigate the interactions between the surface of the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere above. The Arctic has experienced dramatic sea ice loss and increasing surface temperatures. These changes affect air-sea exchange processes, not solely due to larger areas of open water, but also in areas of increasingly broken sea-ice. These changes impact ocean microbiology, which in turn influences atmospheric composition. The team will examine the potential for changes in the atmospheric composition to impact cloud formation, properties, and precipitation, which subsequently affect climate. During the joint U.S.-Sweden cruise of the Icebreaker Oden, experiments will be conducted to better understand the physical properties and chemical makeup of marine aerosols produced from Arctic seawater. Using seawater collected under several combinations of sea ice and open water conditions, controlled atmospheric aerosol generation experiments will also be conducted aboard the Oden. The biology and chemistry of seawater will be sampled during the cruise and compared to the composition of measured aerosols in the ambient air, as well as those generated from seawater on the ship. Measurements will focus on individual aerosol particle properties, organic compound molecular composition, and microbiology. Specific links between seawater microbiology and aerosol composition, morphology, and water uptake will be described. The nature of marine aerosol sources will be defined and quantified for use in climate models to improve understanding of Arctic ocean-atmosphere connections. The project will result in an unprecedented level of understanding of Arctic marine aerosol production and links to seawater microbiology. This will lead to improved predictions of Arctic aerosol composition and clouds for the rapidly changing Arctic system. Integrated educational and outreach project activities will increase awareness of Arctic change and build upon the investigators' longstanding commitment to education and public outreach. The project, led by three female investigators, will involve 3 early-career scientists, 2 Ph.D. students, 1 M.S. student, 5+ undergraduate students (including participation of a Research in an Undergraduate Institution), and 1 student from an inner city high school in Detroit. A short documentary film on the changing Arctic Ocean and this research project will be made by Villanova communications majors. PI Pratt will serve as the mentor for the high school student participating in the Detroit Research Internship Summer Experience, and the research groups of PI Pratt and co-PI Ault will conduct outreach with the Females Excelling More in Math, Engineering, and the Sciences program. Co-PIs Grannas and Matrai will continue longstanding outreach collaborations with Philadelphia and rural schools in the islands of the Gulf of Maine, respectively.