Truth as Sacrifice? Ethical Considerations on a philosophical topos

真理即牺牲？

• 批准号: 230136823
• 负责人: Dr. Andrea Christian Bertino
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/230136823?language=en
• 关键词: Truth; Sacrifice; Ethical; Considerations; philosophical

The following research proposal treats the ethical bases of the search for truth and its general aim is to define the conditions under which we can sensibly speak of sacrifice in connection with truth. We first of all pay attention to the relationship between philosophy and classical theories of sacrifice and gift, specifically (1) whether and how the knowledge and communication of truth imply sacrifices, then (2), in a descriptive sense, we ask which role does sacrifice play in our perception of truthfulness and authenticity. In addition, (3) the condition of the legitimization of sacrifice should be indicated in a normative sense. Leading hypotheses will be: (a) In any given situation the knowledge and communication of truth(s) have a price whose determination may raise certain ethical challenges. (b) Our understanding of truth can be deepened if the kind of sacrifice involved with the search of truth is disclosed by starting from a ritual and religious point of view.In the first section we start therefore with current theories of sacrifice and their reflection in philosophy; on this basis the triadic structure of the ritual sacrifice, its asymmetrical economy and also its effects on community life will be explored, in order to gain a heuristic guide for the investigation of the function of sacrifice in the philosophical discourse about truth.In the second section we establish the relationship between truth and sacrifice in modern philosophy. Considering examples of Bruno, Hegel, Nietzsche and Heidegger proof will be provided that this may be named a firmly anchored topos which even allows the possibility to speak of truth as sacrifice. It will be illustrated that the concept of sacrifice on the one hand serves to the critique of conceptions of truth as correspondence, and on the other hand becomes a mean for the self-legitimization of the philosopher.In the third section we discuss the ethical dimension of sacrifice for the sake of truth. The underlying semantic of the word sacrifice has to be analyzed in order to interpret different sacrificial actions approprately therefore it will be concluded that the word 'sacrifice' is used as a thick, descriptive and normative, ethical concept. Additionally we distinguish between the question about the legitimization of sacrifice in general and of sacrifice for the sake of truth in particular and we identify the aporethical character of deonthological and teleological legitimization attempts. Taking all this into account a hermeneutic and narrative approach to sacrifice for sake of the truth will prove to be a feasable approach; considering this, it will be possible to describe and justify the role of sacrifice for the sake of truth in our concepts of a good life. The question about the legitimization of sacrifices for the sake of truth will be highlighted at the end in the question about the moral value of truthfulness and authenticity.

下面的研究建议涉及寻求真理的伦理基础，其总体目标是确定我们可以合理地谈论与真理有关的牺牲的条件。我们首先关注哲学与关于牺牲和礼物的经典理论之间的关系，具体而言，（1）真理的知识和交流是否以及如何意味着牺牲，然后（2）在描述性的意义上，我们问牺牲在我们对真实性和真实性的感知中扮演什么角色。此外，（3）牺牲合法化的条件应在规范意义上予以说明。主要假设为：（a）在任何特定情况下，了解和传播真相都是有代价的，其确定可能引起某些道德挑战。(b)从仪式和宗教的角度出发，揭示这种寻求真理的牺牲形式，可以加深我们对真理的理解。在此基础上，探讨了祭祀的三元结构、祭祀的不对称经济性及其对社会生活的影响，第二部分，我们在现代哲学中确立了真理与牺牲的关系。考虑到布鲁诺、黑格尔、尼采和海德格尔的例子，我们将提供证据，证明这可以被称为一个牢固锚定的拓扑，它甚至允许把真理说成是牺牲。本文将说明，牺牲的概念一方面是对符合真理观的批判，另一方面也是哲学家自我合法化的一种手段。第三部分讨论了为真理而牺牲的伦理维度。为了恰当地解释不同的祭祀行为，必须分析“牺牲”一词的潜在语义，因此可以得出结论，“牺牲”一词是作为一个厚厚的、描述性的和规范性的伦理概念使用的。此外，我们区分一般的牺牲和牺牲的真理，特别是为了合法化的问题，我们确定道义和目的论的合法化尝试aporethical字符。考虑到这一切，为真理而牺牲的解释学和叙事方法将被证明是一种狂热的方法;考虑到这一点，就有可能描述和证明为真理而牺牲在我们美好生活的概念中的作用。关于为真理而牺牲的合法化问题，将在最后关于真实性和真实性的道德价值的问题中得到强调。