MRI: Acquisition of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Instrumentation to Advance Understanding of the Brain

MRI：获取经颅磁刺激仪器以增进对大脑的了解

• 批准号: 1724818
• 负责人: Lee Baugh
• 金额: $ 10.39万
• 依托单位: University of South Dakota Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724818&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; Transcranial; Magnetic; Stimulation

To date there is good understanding of the structural makeup of the brain. However, a full understanding about how the brain produces cognition and behavior still remains elusive. This is important because elucidating the functional connectivity of the brain serves to assist efforts in improving or maintaining brain function across the lifespan, which is critical for directing educational and rehabilitation approaches. This award to the University of South Dakota (USD) will allow the acquisition of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) equipment to clarify brain-behavior relationships. This is a safe, non-invasive method for applying a magnetic pulse to a specific brain region to either activate or decrease activity during experimental tasks or conditions. TMS can test causal structural-functional relationships that cannot be ascertained with any other technology within humans. This instrumentation will be utilized by researchers across four different Schools/Colleges at the USD, to solve outstanding problems in sensorimotor and cognitive/behavioral neuroscience. In addition to advancing understanding of brain function, the instrumentation will contribute to the training of the next generation of neuroscientists, particularly from diverse or underrepresented backgrounds such as Native Americans, rural and first generation students. Furthermore, the concepts of the technology and the findings gained from this instrumentation will form the basis of neuroscience education to the general public and K-12 students.The research enabled by TMS at the USD will significantly advance the fields of neurophysiology, behavioral neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience in three major ways. Neurophysiological findings will have important implications for understanding of learning within the motor systems. This is because projects will determine the capacity for plasticity in the motor system, will identify the neural networks that enable this plasticity, and demonstrate the outcomes of this plasticity on sensorimotor and skilled motor function. Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience projects will provide new and potentially transformative information regarding the neurobiology underlying decision making that could be applied to consumer marketing, leadership studies and improving impulse control. Furthermore, research enabled by TMS instrumentation will challenge the traditional thought of separate language comprehension and production networks to better our understanding of language development and dysfunction, with direct educational applications. Thus, the proposed instrumentation will enable research that significantly furthers the understanding of brain function and how that can be employed in a variety of applications in health, marketing, psychology and educational sectors.

到目前为止，人们对大脑的结构组成有了很好的了解。 然而，关于大脑如何产生认知和行为的全面理解仍然是难以捉摸的。 这一点很重要，因为阐明大脑的功能连接有助于改善或维持整个生命周期的大脑功能，这对于指导教育和康复方法至关重要。 这项授予南达科他州大学（USD）的奖项将允许获得经颅磁刺激（TMS）设备，以澄清大脑与行为的关系。这是一种安全、非侵入性的方法，用于将磁脉冲施加到特定的大脑区域，以在实验任务或条件下激活或减少活动。 TMS可以测试人类内部无法用任何其他技术确定的因果结构-功能关系。 该仪器将由USD四所不同学校/学院的研究人员使用，以解决感觉运动和认知/行为神经科学中的突出问题。 除了促进对大脑功能的理解外，该仪器还将有助于培养下一代神经科学家，特别是来自不同或代表性不足的背景，如美洲原住民，农村和第一代学生。 此外，该技术的概念和从该仪器中获得的发现将构成对公众和K-12学生的神经科学教育的基础。由TMS在USD启动的研究将在三个主要方面显着推进神经生理学，行为神经科学和认知神经科学领域。 神经生理学的发现将对理解运动系统内的学习具有重要意义。 这是因为项目将确定运动系统的可塑性能力，将识别实现这种可塑性的神经网络，并展示这种可塑性对感觉运动和熟练运动功能的影响。 行为和认知神经科学项目将提供有关神经生物学基础决策的新的和潜在的变革性信息，这些信息可应用于消费者营销，领导力研究和改善冲动控制。 此外，TMS仪器支持的研究将挑战将语言理解和产生网络分开的传统思想，以更好地理解语言发展和功能障碍，并直接应用于教育。 因此，拟议的仪器将使研究，大大进一步了解大脑功能，以及如何可以在健康，营销，心理学和教育部门的各种应用。