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Collaborative Research: Inquiry into the Origins of Modern Human Distributions

合作研究：现代人类分布的起源探究

基本信息

批准号：
1725015
负责人：
Michael Benedetti
金额：
$ 9.53万
依托单位：
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1725015&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Inquiry into Origins

项目摘要

Since their discovery over 150 years ago, Neanderthals have captured the imagination of scientists and the general public. Researchers have been trying to understand their life ways and the processes through which they disappeared. Archaeology and the earth sciences are particularly well placed to address this dilemma because both investigate processes that act over deep time. Within this broad context, Dr. Jonathan Haws (University of Louisville) and Dr. Michael Benedetti (University of North Carolina Wilmington) will lead a three-year study of Neanderthal extinction and replacement by anatomically modern humans . The project brings together an international team to recover high-resolution archaeological, geological and paleoecological records from the excavation of Lapa do Picareiro, a cave in central Portugal. The project is designed to test whether or not differences in land use and diet allowed Neanderthals to survive in southwestern Europe longer than anywhere else. The ultimate goal is to determine why Neanderthals went extinct and were replaced by modern humans. The benefits of this project to society at large include a deeper understanding of human evolution, particularly the role played by environmental change, technology and diet choice. The project also offers scientific engagement and cultural enrichment for student participants who will join an interdisciplinary research team in an international setting. The PIs and their institutions have shown commitment to undergraduate research and demonstrated success in mentoring student research in previous NSF-funded projects. Many of the students involved in this project over the past 5 years have been first-generation college students from under-represented, working poor, and rural demographic groups in Kentucky and eastern North Carolina. Recruiting these students has the dual benefits of diversifying the field crew and enriching the educational experience for students who may not otherwise have opportunities for international travel or study. Building on the success of our previous work in Portugal, this project will also continue to generate scientific partnerships among American, Portuguese and Czech universities, creating new collaborative learning and research opportunities for students and faculty alike. Lapa do Picareiro is a unique site, with about 10m of sediments spanning over 50,000 years. The sequence includes almost 2m of intact deposits dated between 30-42,000 years ago, making it an ideal place to track changes in paleoenvironments and human ecodynamics during the critical period of Neanderthal extinction and modern human colonization of Europe. The proposed methodology uses radiocarbon dating to establish age control, stone tool analyses to understand the decision-making of Paleolithic humans, animal bone assemblages to reconstruct paleoenvironments and understand Neanderthal and modern human diets, and sedimentological analyses to infer site formation processes and environmental context of human occupation. Taken together, the work will establish a complete paleoenvironmental and geoarchaeological chronology for the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition at Lapa do Picareiro, providing critical context that is missing from many other sites in the region.

自从150多年前被发现以来，尼安德特人已经吸引了科学家和公众的想象力。研究人员一直试图了解他们的生活方式和他们消失的过程。考古学和地球科学特别适合解决这一难题，因为它们都研究了在很长时间内发生作用的过程。在这个广泛的背景下，乔纳森·霍斯博士（路易斯维尔大学）和迈克尔·贝内代蒂博士（北卡罗来纳州威尔明顿大学）将领导一项为期三年的研究，研究尼安德特人的灭绝和被解剖学上的现代人取代。该项目汇集了一个国际团队，从葡萄牙中部的Lapa do Picareiro洞穴的挖掘中恢复高分辨率的考古，地质和古生态记录。该项目旨在测试土地使用和饮食的差异是否允许尼安德特人在欧洲西南部生存的时间比其他任何地方都长。最终的目标是确定为什么尼安德特人灭绝并被现代人取代。该项目对整个社会的好处包括更深入地了解人类进化，特别是环境变化、技术和饮食选择所起的作用。该项目还为将在国际环境中加入跨学科研究团队的学生参与者提供科学参与和文化丰富。PI及其机构已经表现出对本科生研究的承诺，并在以前的NSF资助项目中成功指导学生研究。在过去的5年里，参与这个项目的许多学生都是来自肯塔基州和北卡罗来纳州东部代表性不足、工作贫困和农村人口群体的第一代大学生。招募这些学生具有双重好处，即使实地工作人员多样化，并丰富那些可能没有国际旅行或学习机会的学生的教育经验。在我们以前在葡萄牙工作的成功基础上，该项目还将继续在美国，葡萄牙和捷克大学之间建立科学伙伴关系，为学生和教师创造新的合作学习和研究机会。Lapa do Picareiro是一个独特的遗址，拥有约10米的沉积物，跨越50，000多年。该序列包括30- 42，000年前的近200万个完整沉积物，使其成为追踪尼安德特人灭绝和现代人类殖民欧洲的关键时期古环境和人类生态动力学变化的理想场所。拟议的方法使用放射性碳测年建立年龄控制，石器工具分析，以了解决策的旧石器时代的人，动物骨骼组合，以重建古环境和了解尼安德特人和现代人类的饮食，和沉积学分析，推断网站的形成过程和环境背景的人类占领。总之，这项工作将建立一个完整的古环境和地质考古年表的中上层旧石器时代的过渡在拉帕做皮卡雷罗，提供关键的背景下，是从该地区的许多其他网站失踪。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Mid-Holocene Iberian hydroclimate variability and paleoenvironmental change: molecular and isotopic insights from Praia Rei Cortiço, Portugal: MID-HOLOCENE IBERIAN HYDROCLIMATE AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

全新世中期伊比利亚水文气候变化和古环境变化：葡萄牙 Praia Rei Cortiço 的分子和同位素见解：中全新世伊比利亚水文气候和古环境变化

DOI：
10.1002/jqs.3000
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Journal of Quaternary Science
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Taylor, Audrey K.;Benedetti, Michael M.;Haws, Jonathan A.;Lane, Chad S.
通讯作者：
Lane, Chad S.

The early Aurignacian at Lapa do Picareiro really is that old: A comment on ‘The late persistence of the Middle Palaeolithic and Neandertals in Iberia: A review of the evidence for and against the “Ebro Frontier” model’

拉帕杜皮卡雷罗的早期奥里尼亚克人确实那么古老：对“伊比利亚旧石器时代中期和尼安德特人的晚期持续存在的评论：对支持和反对“埃布罗边境”模型的证据的回顾”

DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107261
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Quaternary Science Reviews
影响因子：
4
作者：
Haws, Jonathan A.;Benedetti, Michael M.;Bicho, Nuno F.;Cascalheira, João;Ellis, M. Grace;Carvalho, Milena M.;Friedl, Lukas;Pereira, Telmo;Talamo, Sahra
通讯作者：
Talamo, Sahra

Late Pleistocene site formation and paleoclimate at Lapa do Picareiro, Portugal