EAR-PF: Mapping the effects of drought on human evolution and East African ecosystems during the late Pleistocene using triple oxygen isotopes and bulk geochemistry in paleosols

EAR-PF：利用三氧同位素和古土壤中的整体地球化学来绘制更新世晚期干旱对人类进化和东非生态系统的影响

• 批准号: 1725621
• 负责人: Emily Beverly
• 金额: $ 8.7万
• 依托单位: Beverly Emily J
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1725621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAR; PF; Mapping; effects; drought

Dr. Emily Beverly has been granted an EAR Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out research and education plans at the University of Michigan. Using geochemical characteristics of ancient soils (paleosols) understood through the use of multiple proxies, Dr. Beverly will reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions in the Lake Victoria region in East Africa from about 100,000 to 33,000 years ago. This data will be used with in situ fossils and Middle Stone Age artifacts to bring insights to the question of whether humans migrated out of Africa during a wet or dry period. The education plan will focus on engaging undergraduate students in research. In addition, Dr. Beverly will continue her efforts to encourage and mentor young female scientists by participating in the Females Excelling More in Math, Engineering, and the Sciences (F.E.M.M.E.S.) program at the University of Michigan. The investigator will organize an event related to this investigation for girls in 4th through 6th grade with the goal of increasing excitement about the STEM fields and confidence in their abilities as scientists. Lastly, Dr. Beverly will partner with the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program to encourage science education in local African schools.A new triple oxygen isotope proxy will be used to isolate the influence of evaporation in the water balance in combination with more traditional isotopic proxies and non-isotopic bulk geochemical methods. Complimentary studies of these proxies in modern Serengeti soils will anchor the paleoenvironmental interpretations and allow for the reconstruction of aridity for landscapes occupied by humans to help evaluate the role of long-term drought on human evolution and the emergence of the modern Serengeti Ecosystem. The addition of the triple oxygen isotope proxy will provide a means to reconstruct evaporation and will expand the ability to extract paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic data from paleosols. In addition, the proposed study in East Africa will provide key calibration data for interpreting these geochemical proxies and expand modern soil data available in a climate sensitive region.

艾米丽·贝弗利博士获得了EAR博士后奖学金，在密歇根大学开展研究和教育计划。通过使用多种替代物，贝弗利博士将利用古土壤(古土壤)的地球化学性质，重建东非维多利亚湖地区约10万年至3.3万年前的古环境条件。这些数据将与原位化石和中石器时代的文物一起使用，以深入了解人类是在潮湿时期还是干旱时期迁出非洲的问题。教育计划的重点将是让本科生参与研究。此外，贝弗利博士将继续努力鼓励和指导年轻的女性科学家，参加在数学、工程和科学领域表现更出色的女性科学家(F.E.M.M.E.S.)。密歇根大学的课程。研究人员将为4至6年级的女孩组织一次与这项调查有关的活动，目的是增加对STEM领域的兴奋和对她们作为科学家的能力的信心。最后，Beverly博士将与全球学习和观测惠及环境(GLOBAL)计划合作，鼓励非洲当地学校的科学教育。一种新的三重氧同位素替代品将与更传统的同位素替代品和非同位素大宗地球化学方法相结合，用于隔离水平衡中蒸发的影响。在现代塞伦盖蒂土壤中对这些替代物进行免费研究，将有助于对古环境的解释，并允许重建人类占据的景观的干旱，以帮助评估长期干旱对人类进化和现代塞伦盖蒂生态系统的出现的作用。三重氧同位素替代物的加入将提供一种重建蒸发的手段，并将扩大从古土壤中提取古环境和古气候数据的能力。此外，拟议在东非进行的研究将为解释这些地球化学指标提供关键的校准数据，并扩大气候敏感地区现有的现代土壤数据。

项目成果

Carbon isotopic composition of plant waxes, bulk organics and carbonates from soils of the Serengeti grasslands

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.005
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Dao-lai Zhang;E. Beverly;N. Levin;E. Vidal;Yannick Matia;S. Feakins

Identifying the drivers of GDGT distributions in alkaline soil profiles within the Serengeti ecosystem

• DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2022.104433
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Organic Geochemistry
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: M. Peaple;E. Beverly;Brittany Garza;S. Baker;N. Levin;J. Tierney;C. Häggi;S. Feakins

Triple oxygen isotope compositions of globally distributed soil carbonates record widespread evaporation of soil waters

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.034
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: J. Kelson;T. Huth;B. Passey;N. Levin;S. Petersen;P. Ballato;E. Beverly;D. Breecker;G. Hoke;A. Hudson;Haoyuan Ji;A. Licht;Erik J. Oerter;J. Quade