EAR-PF Dynamics from drones: using high-resolution repeat topography and grain size to differentiate between physically-based models of debris creation and debris flow initiation

无人机的 EAR-PF 动力学：使用高分辨率重复地形和颗粒尺寸来区分基于物理的碎片生成和泥石流引发模型

• 批准号: 1725774
• 负责人: Katherine Barnhart
• 金额: $ 8.7万
• 依托单位: Barnhart Katherine R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1725774&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAR; PF; Dynamics; drones; using

Dr. Katherine R. Barnhart has been granted an NSF EAR Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out research and education plans at the University of Colorado and University of Kansas. The project seeks to assess the mechanisms responsible for initiating debris flows - water-laden slurries of soil and rock from landslides - that move rapidly through channels in steep landscapes and present hazards to human life, infrastructure and property. To benefit the public, the outcomes of this project will include a landscape evolution model incorporating processes responsible for the recharge of debris, and processes responsible for the actual debris flow initiation. This model will improve predictions and risk assessment in debris flow prone areas. For the education component of this project, Dr. Barnhart will develop a senior-undergraduate and first-year graduate student course focused on the philosophy of science as applied to the geosciences and an investigation into the ingredients of a good research question.Debris flows are among the most dangerous and frequent natural hazards; once initiated in a steep region, a debris flow can continue to travel over shallow terrain, greatly extending the hazard, frequently destroying houses and covering streets with mud, which is costly to remove. Models for debris flows that relate antecedent conditions (e.g., soil moisture) and external forcing (e.g., surface hydrodynamic stresses) provide an opportunity for mechanistic understanding and prediction of natural debris flows. However, the steep and difficult terrain in debris flow prone regions precludes the observation of initiation zones which, in turn, prevents attribution of debris recharge and flow initiation to specific mechanisms. The project will employ novel methods -including drone-based photography- to make observations within the steep terrain in debris-flow initiation zones. Maps of topography and sediment characteristics will be made from these images which will constrain numerical models for (1) the amount and size distribution of material delivered to the channel between debris flow events, (2) the timing and (3) mechanisms of debris flow initiation.

凯瑟琳博士R.巴恩哈特已被授予NSF博士后奖学金，在科罗拉多大学和堪萨斯大学开展研究和教育计划。该项目旨在评估引发泥石流的机制----滑坡产生的土壤和岩石的含水泥浆----泥石流在陡峭地形中迅速流过渠道，对人类生命、基础设施和财产造成危害。 为了使公众受益，该项目的成果将包括一个景观演变模型，该模型将纳入负责碎片补给的过程和负责实际泥石流启动的过程。该模型将改善泥石流易发区的预测和风险评估。关于该项目的教育部分，Barnhart博士将为大四学生和一年级研究生开设一门课程，重点是应用于地球科学的科学哲学和对一个好的研究问题的组成部分的调查。泥石流一旦在陡峭的地区开始，就可能继续在浅地形上移动，大大扩大危险，经常毁坏房屋，使街道被泥浆覆盖，而清除泥浆的费用很高。与先前条件有关的泥石流模型（例如，土壤湿度）和外部强迫（例如，表面水动力应力）为自然泥石流的机理理解和预测提供了机会。然而，在泥石流易发区陡峭和困难的地形排除了观察的启动区，这反过来又阻止了碎片补给和流动启动的具体机制的属性。该项目将采用新的方法-包括无人机摄影-在泥石流起始区的陡峭地形内进行观测。将根据这些图像绘制地形图和沉积物特性图，这些图像将限制以下方面的数值模型：（1）泥石流事件之间输送到河道的物质的数量和尺寸分布;（2）泥石流发生的时间;（3）泥石流发生的机制。

项目成果

Terrainbento 1.0: a Python package for multi-model analysis in long-term drainage basin evolution

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-1267-2019
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Geoscientific Model Development
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: K. Barnhart;R. Glade;C. Shobe;G. Tucker

Lithology: A Landlab submodule for spatially variable rock properties

岩性：用于空间可变岩石特性的 Landlab 子模块

• DOI: 10.21105/joss.00979
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Journal of Open Source Software
• 作者: Barnhart, Katherine;Hutton, Eric;Gasparini, Nicole;Tucker, Gregory
• 通讯作者: Tucker, Gregory

Inverting Topography for Landscape Evolution Model Process Representation: 1. Conceptualization and Sensitivity Analysis

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jf004961
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
• 作者: K. Barnhart;G. Tucker;Sandra G. Doty;C. Shobe;R. Glade;M. Rossi;M. Hill

Projections of Landscape Evolution on a 10,000 Year Timescale With Assessment and Partitioning of Uncertainty Sources

通过评估和划分不确定性源来预测一万年时间尺度上的景观演化

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jf005795
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
• 作者: Barnhart, Katherine R.;Tucker, Gregory E.;Doty, Sandra G.;Glade, Rachel C.;Shobe, Charles M.;Rossi, Matthew W.;Hill, Mary C.
• 通讯作者: Hill, Mary C.

Inverting Topography for Landscape Evolution Model Process Representation: 2. Calibration and Validation

地形演化模型过程表示的反演：2. 校准和验证

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jf004963
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
• 作者: Barnhart, Katherine R.;Tucker, Gregory E.;Doty, Sandra G.;Shobe, Charles M.;Glade, Rachel C.;Rossi, Matthew W.;Hill, Mary C.
• 通讯作者: Hill, Mary C.