MRI: Acquisition of an Electroencephalography System for Research and Training On Neurophysiology of Language, Cognitive Neuroscience and Neural Plasticity.

这一重大仪器设备奖支持收购集成脑电系统(动尚有源电极，Brain Vision LLC)，以在加州州立理工大学波莫纳分校(CPP)建立第一个脑电实验室，该大学是美国为数不多的为拉美裔本科生服务的机构之一。EEG是一种非侵入性的神经成像技术，可以在认知过程展开时以毫秒级的精度监测人类的大脑活动。CPP的脑电实验室将在发展研究认知和神经可塑性的尖端研究方面发挥关键作用。一个特定的研究主题将集中在双语的神经生理学基础上，询问使用两种或两种以上语言所涉及的认知和神经过程如何影响更广泛的学习和认知。这一奖项将使一项独特的倡议能够在电生理学和认知神经科学方面建立一个跨学科的研究计划，其中将包括心理学、生物工程和语言学的一些研究人员。在CPP、波莫纳学院(附近一所研究密集的本科院校)和加州大学河滨分校(UCR)之间创建一个独特的研究和培训联盟方面，脑电实验室也将发挥关键作用。总体而言，这一奖项将大大提高CPP的研究能力，并通过这样做，将促进CPP的本科生的研究培训机会，这些学生主要是代表不足的少数群体的成员。即将进行的这项研究有望推翻人们对双语的许多刻板印象，这将对双语教育和双语保护大脑老化的潜力产生影响。计划中的研究重点将调查第二语言(L2)学习和双语的神经生理、认知和社会基础。在过去的30年里，神经科学的进步改变了人们对语言、认知和大脑之间关系的理解。脑电提供了关于特定语言和认知过程中发生的神经活动的信息，具有极高的时间精确度。由于语言处理的速度极快，脑电最具变革性的应用是捕捉和区分语言和认知过程，否则无法仅通过跟踪行为来测量这些过程。更具体地说，该团队将开展关于新的第二语言学习和巩固的认知和神经基础的研究，同时分析时间(ERPs)和频率(Tf)域的脑电信号。有关神经可塑性、网络重组和功能连通性的变化作为第二语言学习和双语能力的函数的问题将被研究，着眼于EEG网络连通性和EEG静止状态网络的最早变化。目标是更好地理解双语和二语学习在从年轻到老年的一生中对认知和神经的整体影响。最后，该团队将通过研究两种语言之间代码转换的认知和神经基础来利用双语的一个独特特征，这是双语社区中常见的两种语言混合的做法，有可能揭示多种语言在大脑中的表现方式。

This Major Instrumentation Grant award supports the acquisition of an integrated Electroencephalography (EEG) system (ActiChamp 64 active-electrodes, Brain Vision LLC) to establish the first EEG laboratory at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (CPP), one of the few undergraduate Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) in the US. EEG is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that allows the monitoring of human cerebral activity with millisecond precision while cognitive processes unfold. The EEG laboratory at CPP will be critical in developing cutting-edge research to study cognition and neural plasticity. A particular research theme will focus on the neurophysiological bases of bilingualism, asking how the cognitive and neural processes that are engaged by the use of two or more languages affect learning and cognition more generally. This award will enable a unique initiative to establish a cross-disciplinary research program in electrophysiology and cognitive neuroscience that will include a number of researchers in Psychology, Bioengineering and Linguistics. The EEG laboratory will also be key in creating a unique research and training consortium between CPP, Pomona College (a nearby research intensive undergraduate institution), and the University of California, Riverside (UCR). Overall, this award will significantly enhance research capacity at CPP, and by doing so, will promote research-training opportunities for CPP's undergraduate students who are predominantly members of underrepresented minorities. The research to be conducted holds the promise to overturn many of the previously held stereotypes about bilingualism, with implications for dual language education and for the potential of bilingualism to protect aging brains.A major focus of the planned research will investigate the neurophysiological, cognitive and social underpinnings of second language (L2) learning and bilingualism. In the last 30 years, advances in neuroscience have changed understanding of the relationship between language, cognition, and the brain. EEG provides information about what neural activity occurs in response to specific language and cognitive processes with exceptional temporal precision. Because language processing is extremely fast, the most transformative application of EEG has been to capture and distinguish among language and cognitive processes that would have otherwise not been measurable simply by tracking behavior. More specifically, the team will develop research on the cognitive and neural underpinnings of new L2 language learning and consolidation, while analyzing the EEG signal in both time (ERPs) and frequency (TF) domains. Questions related to changes in neural plasticity, network reorganization, and functional connectivity as a function of L2 learning and bilingualism will be investigated looking at the earliest changes in EEG network connectivity, and EEG resting state networks. The goal will be to better understand the overall cognitive and neural implications of bilingualism and L2 learning across the life-span from younger to older adulthood. Finally, the team will exploit a unique feature of bilingualism by investigating the cognitive and neural underpinnings of code-switching between two languages, the practice of mixing two languages that is common in bilingual communities and that holds the potential to reveal new insights into the way that multiple languages are represented in the brain.