MRI: Acquisition of an Electroencephalography System for Research and Training On Neurophysiology of Language, Cognitive Neuroscience and Neural Plasticity.

该主要仪器拨款支持收购集成脑电图（EEG）系统（ActiChamp 64有源电极，Brain Vision LLC），以在加州州立理工大学波莫纳分校（CPP）建立第一个EEG实验室，该大学是美国为数不多的本科西班牙裔服务机构（HSI）之一。脑电图是一种非侵入性神经成像技术，可以在认知过程展开时以毫秒精度监测人类大脑活动。CPP的脑电图实验室将在开发研究认知和神经可塑性的前沿研究方面发挥关键作用。一个特别的研究主题将集中在双语的神经生理基础上，询问使用两种或两种以上语言所参与的认知和神经过程如何更普遍地影响学习和认知。该奖项将使一个独特的倡议，建立一个跨学科的研究项目，在电生理学和认知神经科学，将包括一些研究人员在心理学，生物工程和语言学。脑电图实验室也将在CPP、波莫纳学院（附近的一个研究密集型本科机构）和加州大学河滨分校（UCR）之间建立一个独特的研究和培训联盟方面发挥关键作用。总的来说，这个奖项将大大提高CPP的研究能力，并通过这样做，将促进CPP的本科生的研究培训机会，他们主要是少数民族的成员。这项即将进行的研究有望推翻许多先前对双语的刻板印象，这对双语教育和双语保护老化大脑的潜力具有重要意义。计划研究的一个主要重点是调查第二语言（L2）学习和双语的神经生理、认知和社会基础。在过去的30年里，神经科学的进步改变了人们对语言、认知和大脑之间关系的理解。脑电图提供了在特定语言和认知过程中发生的神经活动的信息，具有特殊的时间精度。由于语言处理非常快，脑电图最具变革性的应用是捕捉和区分语言和认知过程，否则这些过程无法通过跟踪行为来测量。更具体地说，该团队将研究新的第二语言学习和巩固的认知和神经基础，同时分析脑电图信号的时间（ERPs）和频率（TF）域。关于神经可塑性、网络重组和功能连接作为第二语言学习和双语功能的变化的相关问题，将通过观察脑电图网络连接和脑电图静息状态网络的最早变化来进行研究。目标是更好地理解从年轻到老年的整个生命周期中双语和第二语言学习的整体认知和神经影响。最后，该团队将通过调查两种语言之间的代码转换的认知和神经基础来利用双语的独特特征，这种混合两种语言的做法在双语社区中很常见，并且有可能揭示多种语言在大脑中的表现方式的新见解。

This Major Instrumentation Grant award supports the acquisition of an integrated Electroencephalography (EEG) system (ActiChamp 64 active-electrodes, Brain Vision LLC) to establish the first EEG laboratory at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (CPP), one of the few undergraduate Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) in the US. EEG is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that allows the monitoring of human cerebral activity with millisecond precision while cognitive processes unfold. The EEG laboratory at CPP will be critical in developing cutting-edge research to study cognition and neural plasticity. A particular research theme will focus on the neurophysiological bases of bilingualism, asking how the cognitive and neural processes that are engaged by the use of two or more languages affect learning and cognition more generally. This award will enable a unique initiative to establish a cross-disciplinary research program in electrophysiology and cognitive neuroscience that will include a number of researchers in Psychology, Bioengineering and Linguistics. The EEG laboratory will also be key in creating a unique research and training consortium between CPP, Pomona College (a nearby research intensive undergraduate institution), and the University of California, Riverside (UCR). Overall, this award will significantly enhance research capacity at CPP, and by doing so, will promote research-training opportunities for CPP's undergraduate students who are predominantly members of underrepresented minorities. The research to be conducted holds the promise to overturn many of the previously held stereotypes about bilingualism, with implications for dual language education and for the potential of bilingualism to protect aging brains.A major focus of the planned research will investigate the neurophysiological, cognitive and social underpinnings of second language (L2) learning and bilingualism. In the last 30 years, advances in neuroscience have changed understanding of the relationship between language, cognition, and the brain. EEG provides information about what neural activity occurs in response to specific language and cognitive processes with exceptional temporal precision. Because language processing is extremely fast, the most transformative application of EEG has been to capture and distinguish among language and cognitive processes that would have otherwise not been measurable simply by tracking behavior. More specifically, the team will develop research on the cognitive and neural underpinnings of new L2 language learning and consolidation, while analyzing the EEG signal in both time (ERPs) and frequency (TF) domains. Questions related to changes in neural plasticity, network reorganization, and functional connectivity as a function of L2 learning and bilingualism will be investigated looking at the earliest changes in EEG network connectivity, and EEG resting state networks. The goal will be to better understand the overall cognitive and neural implications of bilingualism and L2 learning across the life-span from younger to older adulthood. Finally, the team will exploit a unique feature of bilingualism by investigating the cognitive and neural underpinnings of code-switching between two languages, the practice of mixing two languages that is common in bilingual communities and that holds the potential to reveal new insights into the way that multiple languages are represented in the brain.