RR: Collaborative: Origins of Intergroup Perceptions and Attitudes Across Diverse Contexts

RR：协作：不同背景下群体间感知和态度的起源

• 批准号: 1728300
• 负责人: Kristin Pauker
• 金额: $ 9.01万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1728300&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RR; Collaborative; Origins; Intergroup; Perceptions

Within the first five years of life, children become adept at categorizing others into social categories, which has wide-ranging implications for children's perceptions and interactions with others. Yet much of what is known about how children process social categories is based on studies conducted with limited populations (in terms of only including children from certain race/ethnic, geographical, and socioeconomic backgrounds). By harnessing natural variation in exposure to diversity in different regions of the U.S. among children from different backgrounds, the current project will lead to a better understanding of how young children from throughout the United States conceptualize and reason about social categories. A second goal is to test the robustness of past results regarding children's social category understanding and to contribute to recent calls for transparency, reproducibility, and generalizability in science.The project involves five sites (Hawaii, the Southwest, the Northwest, the Southeast, and the Northeast), with each site including 4- to 5-year-old children from multiple demographic backgrounds. The focus is on four core components of early social category knowledge: children's attitudes towards; prosocial behavior with; facial recognition of; and perceptions of status of members of different social categories. Children will complete a standardized protocol and task battery that assesses each of these components across all five geographic locations in the U.S. The research will examine whether results are reproducible across geographic regions that differ in their demographics. It will also investigate how individual tasks relate to each other within each child (e.g., the relationship between perceptions of status and behavior towards children from different groups). This approach will also allow tests of the robustness of past results regarding children's knowledge of social categories and will contribute to recent calls for transparency, reproducibility, and generalizability in science. This goal will be implemented by: (1) posting all study materials so that the exact methods can be implemented elsewhere; (2) posting all final data so that others can re-analyze the data; and (3) pre-registering the proposed analyses in line with recent recommendations for transparency in research. By achieving a better understanding of the origins of intergroup perceptions and attitudes, broader impacts are expected to support focused interventions that promote positive relations between different groups of people.

在生命的头五年里，孩子们善于将他人划分为社会类别，这对孩子的感知和与他人的互动有着广泛的影响。然而，关于儿童如何处理社会类别的许多已知知识都是基于对有限人群进行的研究（仅包括来自特定种族/民族、地理和社会经济背景的儿童）。通过利用美国不同地区来自不同背景的儿童接触多样性的自然变化，当前的项目将更好地理解来自美国各地的幼儿如何概念化和推理社会类别。第二个目标是测试过去关于儿童对社会类别理解的结果的稳健性，并为最近对科学透明度、可重复性和概括性的呼吁做出贡献。该项目涉及五个地点（夏威夷、西南部、西北部、东南部和东北部），每个地点都有来自不同人口背景的4到5岁的儿童。重点关注早期社会范畴知识的四个核心组成部分：儿童对社会范畴的态度；亲社会行为与；面部识别；以及对不同社会阶层成员地位的认知。孩子们将完成一份标准化的协议和任务组，评估美国所有五个地理位置的每一个组成部分。这项研究将检查结果是否在人口统计学不同的地理区域可复制。它还将调查每个儿童的个别任务如何相互关联（例如，对不同群体儿童的地位认知和行为之间的关系）。这种方法还将允许对过去关于儿童社会类别知识的结果的稳健性进行测试，并将有助于最近对科学透明度、可重复性和概括性的呼吁。这一目标将通过以下方式实现：(1)公布所有的学习资料，以便在其他地方实施准确的方法；(2)公布所有最终数据，以便他人重新分析数据；(3)根据最近关于研究透明度的建议，预先登记拟议的分析。通过更好地了解群体间观念和态度的起源，预计将产生更广泛的影响，支持有重点的干预措施，促进不同群体之间的积极关系。

项目成果

Contextualizing the development of social essentialism

社会本质主义发展的背景

• DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.05.003
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Advances in child development and behavior
• 作者: Pauker, K;Tai, C;Ansari, S.
• 通讯作者: Ansari, S.