A new look at perspective: Novel insights into the function of first-person and third-person imagery

新视角：对第一人称和第三人称图像功能的新见解

• 批准号: 1729482
• 负责人: Lisa Libby
• 金额: $ 43.06万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1729482&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: new; look; perspective; Novel; insights

For many reasons, people might want to think or feel differently about events in their lives. Examples include wanting to move beyond past negative experiences or optimally preparing for upcoming challenges. The research in this project explores how people can use a common feature of their thoughts about life events to achieve these desired ends. When recalling past experiences or imagining future ones, people frequently "see" those events in their mind's eye. Often people see events from their own first-person perspective, looking out at the situation through their own eyes. However, other times people see events in their mind's eye from a third-person perspective, seeing themselves in the image from an observer's vantage-point. The proposed research develops and tests a new model suggesting that visual perspective in mental imagery fundamentally shapes how people interpret and respond to the events they picture. These unique insights into the function of imagery perspective will help to develop practical imagery tools that people can use, with minimal training, to modify their emotional responses in desired ways, strengthen their close relationships, and motivate themselves to act consistent with their values.This research tests hypotheses about the core functions of first-person and third-person imagery by experimentally manipulating which of these perspectives individuals adopt as they picture target events. According to the proposed model, third-person imagery leads people to reflect on the broader implications and coherent meaning of the pictured event. A series of experiments tests whether this coherence-building function of third-person imagery clarifies and focuses people's emotional reactions, relative to the undifferentiated emotional reactions people experience with first-person imagery. Other experiments explore how this predicted effect of third-person imagery may be used to improve the performance of individuals in threatening situations. The model further indicates that first-person imagery functions to heighten people's awareness of their gut reactions and implicit evaluations. A series of experiments tests whether this enhanced self-insight with first-person imagery can be used to help individuals recognize implicit feelings of trust towards close others and thereby strengthen commitment to those relationships. A final series of experiments tests whether first-person imagery can give people insight into gut reactions that conflict with their explicit values, thereby helping them exercise self-control and behave in line with their values in situations of conflict.

出于许多原因，人们可能想要以不同的方式思考或感受生活中的事件。例子包括想要超越过去的负面经历或为即将到来的挑战做好最佳准备。这个项目的研究探讨了人们如何利用他们对生活事件的想法的共同特征来实现这些期望的目标。在回忆过去的经历或想象未来的经历时，人们经常会在脑海中“看到”这些事件。人们通常从第一人称的角度看待事件，通过自己的眼睛观察情况。然而，其他时候，人们从第三人称的角度看待事件，从观察者的角度看待图像中的自己。拟议中的研究开发并测试了一个新模型，该模型表明，心理意象中的视觉视角从根本上决定了人们如何解释和回应他们所描绘的事件。这些对意象视角功能的独特见解将有助于开发实用的意象工具，人们可以使用这些工具，通过最少的培训，以期望的方式修改他们的情绪反应，加强他们的亲密关系，并激励自己与他们的价值观保持一致。本研究通过实验操纵个体在描绘目标事件时采用的这两种视角，来检验关于第一人称和第三人称意象核心功能的假设。根据提出的模型，第三人称形象引导人们反思所描绘事件的更广泛的含义和连贯的意义。一系列的实验测试了相对于第一人称图像的无差别情绪反应，第三人称图像的这种连贯构建功能是否澄清和集中了人们的情绪反应。其他的实验则探讨了如何利用第三人称想象的预测效果来提高个人在威胁情境中的表现。该模型进一步表明，第一人称意象可以提高人们对自己的直觉反应和内隐评价的认识。一系列的实验测试了这种以第一人称形象增强的自我洞察是否可以用来帮助个人识别对亲密他人的隐性信任，从而加强对这些关系的承诺。最后的一系列实验测试了第一人称形象是否能让人们洞察到与他们明确的价值观相冲突的本能反应，从而帮助他们在冲突的情况下锻炼自我控制和按照自己的价值观行事。

项目成果

I can see myself enjoying that: Using imagery perspective to circumvent bias in self-perceptions of interest.

我可以看到自己很享受这一点：利用图像视角来规避自我兴趣认知中的偏见。

• DOI: 10.1037/xge0000612
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
• 作者: Niese, Zachary Adolph;Libby, Lisa K.;Eibach, Richard P.;Carlisle, Clare
• 通讯作者: Carlisle, Clare

Picturing yourself: a social-cognitive process model to integrate third-person imagery effects

• DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1912051
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Journal of Cognitive Psychology
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Z. Niese;Richard P. Eibach;Lisa K Libby

Does the future look bright? Processing style determines the impact of valence weighting biases and self-beliefs on expectations.

未来看起来光明吗？

• DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000136
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: Niese, Zachary Adolph;Libby, Lisa K.;Fazio, Russell H.;Eibach, Richard P.;Pietri, Evava S.
• 通讯作者: Pietri, Evava S.