RAPID: Collaborative Research: Technology Adoption during Environmental Jolts: Mobile Phone Use and Digital Services Appropriation during India's Demonetization Crisis

RAPID：合作研究：环境动荡期间的技术采用：印度废钞危机期间的手机使用和数字服务挪用

• 批准号: 1734014
• 负责人: Joyojeet Pal
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1734014&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Technology; Adoption

Occasionally, events such as crises or new laws force a rapid change in the technologies people use in their daily lives. These jolts often raise concerns about peoples? access to and ability to use these new technologies, and about the stress they put on the infrastructure that supports them. This proposal studies the impacts of a rare "natural experiment" caused by the recent policy decision in India to remove certain currency from circulation, which is leading to a sudden and massive push toward the use of digital tools for managing money. The research team plans to work with students, businesspeople, and people with visual impairments in India to address two main questions: (1) how financial technologies such as phone-based payments are adopted and adapted to respond to new legal requirements; and (2) how the usability, availability, and necessity of using a given technology interact to shape its success. Better understanding of how the social and technical elements of the financial system adapt to this jolt will advance our understanding of technology infrastructures in general and inform the design of accessible technologies and technologies for contexts where financial, educational, and technology experience resources are limited. Studying this in India will provide important insights for U.S. companies looking to enter the Indian market or already operating there, and will also offer key insights on prospects and challenges in broadening the cashless economy in the U.S. The project will also provide educational experiences that cross both intellectual and national borders that will help train a diverse and globally competitive STEM workforce.Based on an integration of ICTD and infrastructure studies, this project will develop better understanding of how people adapt to technology in forced or deterministic contexts. The team will study and compare three different user populations: 1) college students; 2) people working in the informal sector; and 3) people with visual impairments. These populations were chosen to highlight different aspects of the broader population: college students are less reliant on the cash economy and more educated; those in the informal sector are more cash-reliant and less educated; and those with visual impairments may gain transactional benefits from not having to handle cash, but also have to overcome inaccessibility of mainstream technology. The research will employ a two-stage plan that starts with interviews to capture nuance and inform questions that can be asked in a second, survey stage; the team plans to conduct the research twice, once in the first 6 months and again (with improvements based on the first round) in the last 3 months of the year-long project, to capture both relatively fresh and longitudinal experiences of the jolt. Leveraging existing relationships with payment providers, visually impaired groups, and informal workers, the researchers will study the ecosystem of payment technologies people use, the ways their specific design affects people's ability to use them, and how their social network both supports (through intermediation) and affects (through network effects) the ways they can use those technologies. This will provide lessons for understanding and improving innovation and technology use in marginalized communities, lessons that may transfer to other contexts such as the rapid adoption of mobile health apps and the use of technology in natural disaster situations.

有时，诸如危机或新法律之类的事件迫使人们在日常生活中使用的技术迅速改变。 这些震动常常引起人们对人民的担忧？使用这些新技术以及他们对支持它们的基础设施的压力的访问和能力。 该提案研究了印度最近的政策决定从流通中删除某些货币的罕见“自然实验”的影响，这导致突然而大规模地推动使用数字工具来管理资金。 研究小组计划与学生，商人和印度视觉障碍的人合作，以解决两个主要问题：（1）如何通过和适应诸如基于电话的付款之类的金融技术来响应新的法律要求； （2）使用给定技术的可用性，可用性和必要性如何相互作用以塑造其成功。 更好地理解金融体系的社会和技术要素如何适应这一障碍，这将提高我们对技术基础设施的理解，并为在财务，教育和技术经验资源受到限制的环境中提供可访问的技术和技术的设计。在印度进行研究将为希望进入印度市场或已经在那里运营的美国公司提供重要的见解，还将为美国的无现金经济提供关键的前景和挑战，从而扩大美国的无现金经济，该项目还将提供跨越知识和国家边界的教育经验，这些经验还可以帮助培训一项多样化和全球竞争性的STEM. ICT和INSTRASTERITION的研究，以了解ICT和全球竞争力的研究，以了解ITRAST的方式，以实现ITR的整合，以实施ITR的整合，以实现ITR的努力，以实施ICT的努力。强制或确定性的环境。团队将研究和比较三个不同的用户群体：1）大学生； 2）在非正式部门工作的人； 3）视觉障碍的人。 选择这些人口是为了突出更广泛的人群的不同方面：大学生对现金经济的依赖程度较低，受过更多的教育；非正式部门的人更加依赖现金，受过较少的教育；那些视觉障碍的人可能会因不必处理现金而获得交易益处，但也必须克服主流技术的无法访问。该研究将采用一个两阶段的计划，该计划从访谈开始，以捕捉细微差别，并告知可以在第二个调查阶段提出的问题；该团队计划在最初的6个月中两次进行研究，并在为期一年的项目的最后三个月中再次进行研究（根据第一轮的改进），以捕捉震撼的相对新鲜和纵向的经历。 研究人员将利用与付款提供者，视障人群和非正式工人的现有关系，研究人们使用的支付技术生态系统，其特定设计影响人们使用它们的能力，以及他们的社交网络如何支持（通过Intermediation）以及如何通过网络效应（通过网络效应）使用这些技术。这将为理解和改善边缘化社区的创新和技术使用提供课程，这些教训可能会转移到其他情况下，例如快速采用移动健康应用程序以及在自然灾害情况下使用技术。

项目成果

Cashing out: digital payments and resilience post-demonetization

兑现：数字支付和非货币化后的恢复力

• DOI: 10.1145/3287098.3287103
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Proceeding of ICTD 2019
• 作者: Krishnan, Nanjundi Karthick;Johri, Aditya;Chandrasekaran, Ramgopal;Pal, Joyojeet
• 通讯作者: Pal, Joyojeet

Digital Payment and Its Discontents: Street Shops and the Indian Government's Push for Cashless Transactions

• DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3173803
• 发表时间: 2018-04
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: J. Pal;Priyank Chandra;Vaishnav Kameswaran;Aakanksha Parameshwar;Sneha Joshi;A. Johri