Standard Grant: Ethical Algorithms in Autonomous Vehicles

该项目支持一组研究人员，包括道德哲学和交通工程方面的专家，他们计划解决自动(自动驾驶)车辆计算机算法开发中出现的伦理问题。该项目将解决人们对自动驾驶车辆表达伦理价值观的担忧，例如，当车辆检测到迫在眉睫且不可避免的撞车事件，并且必须在导航选项中进行选择时，例如与拥挤的公交车相撞或与孤独的摩托车司机相撞。它的目的是为自动驾驶车辆开发伦理决策框架的算法表示，然后在一系列背景下对这些框架进行建模，以确定它们对交通网络风险管理的影响以及预期的公共健康影响。该项目的总体目标是促进在复杂、自主的系统中进行伦理决策的原则性方法，并使设计师和工程师准备将伦理行为编码到此类系统中。研究指导将通过主办机构进行协调，使本科生和研究生工程师能够参与该项目。暑期强化班将把来自不同背景的学生聚集在一起，与项目团队和特邀学者合作。一名博士后将对自动驾驶汽车的伦理进行研究，并协助项目管理。该项目有两个具体目标。它的目标是开发符合道德的算法，这些算法可以转换为计算机代码，用于自动驾驶汽车。团队成员将回顾有关自动驾驶汽车现有决策的文献，然后开发可转换为计算机代码的伦理行为的概念性算法表示法。他们还将模拟交通风险概况的变化和这些算法对公众健康的预期影响；具体地说，他们将使用在一系列交通背景和市场渗透情景中满足第一目标而开发的算法来应用伤害严重程度和碰撞频率建模。他们还将以基于资源和时间的分流模型为起点，开发一个模型，以期从这些算法中获得预期的公共健康好处。这两个目标都支持培训对自动驾驶汽车的伦理影响敏感的学者和从业者。这些教学方面旨在促进STEM学生和实践者之间的多样化互动，它们将有助于改善STEM教育和教育者发展。

This project supports a team of researchers, including experts in moral philosophy and transportation engineering, who plan to address ethical issues that arise in the development of computer algorithms for autonomous (self-driving) vehicles. The project will address concerns over the expression of ethical values in self-driving vehicle when (for example) the vehicle detects an imminent and unavoidable crash and must select among navigation options, such as colliding with a crowded bus or with a lone motorcyclist. It aims to develop algorithmic representations of ethical decision-making frameworks for autonomous vehicles, and then model these frameworks over a range of contexts for their effect on risk management in traffic networks and for their expected public health impact. The overarching aim of the project is to promote principled approaches to ethical decision-making in complex, autonomous systems, and to prepare designers and engineers to encode ethical behavior into such systems. Research mentoring is to be coordinated through the host institution that will enable undergraduate and graduate engineers to participate in the project. A summer intensive will bring together students from diverse backgrounds to work with the project team and invited scholars. A postdoctoral fellow will conduct research on the ethics of autonomous vehicles, and assist in project administration.The project has two specific aims. It aims to develop ethical algorithms that can be converted into computer code for use in autonomous vehicles. Team members will review the literature on existing decision-making for autonomous vehicles, and then develop conceptual, algorithmic representations of ethical behavior that can be converted into computer code. They will also model changes in traffic risk profiles and expected public health impact of these algorithms; specifically, they will apply injury severity and crash frequency modeling using algorithms developed in meeting the first aim in a range of traffic contexts and market penetration scenarios. They will also develop a model for the expected public health benefits from these algorithms using model of resource and time-based triaging as a starting point. Both aims support training of scholars and practitioners sensitive to the ethical implications of autonomous vehicles. These pedagogical aspects have been designed to promote diverse interactions between STEM students and practitioners, and they will serve to improve STEM education and educator development.