New Frontiers in Particle Physics, Cosmology and Gravity

粒子物理学、宇宙学和引力的新领域

• 批准号: ST/T000775/1
• 负责人: Nicholas Evans
• 金额: $ 190.95万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FT000775%2F1
• 关键词: New; Frontiers; Particle; Physics; Cosmology

Particle physics is the study of the fundamental building blocks of nature, how they interact and how they lead to what we observe from the smallest scales to the largest. The Standard Model (SM), which is built on quantum field theory (QFT), is an impressively accurate description of all data to date, from colliders to astronomical observations. Nevertheless, there are many aspects we do not understand from the pattern of particle masses to our lack of a quantum theory of gravity. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will accumulate ever-increasing amounts of data over the next decade; it famously discovered the Higgs particle in 2012 and could possibly discover new physics beyond the SM. So far the only experimental evidence for such new physics is neutrino mass & mixing, which may yet shed light on the pattern of particle masses, strength of the four forces, and observations of abundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe, dark matter and dark energy. Upcoming experiments will address these questions. We have close links to the LHC through the NExT institute and will help experimenters discover new physics, by devising strategies for searches and interpreting the data, for example through our easy-to-use interface (HEPMDB) to supercomputers and the definition of new triggers (to be implemented in the current LHC upgrade) for physics previously overlooked. A common thread is the violation of the combination of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and parity (P), which may be observed soon in new sectors leading to major breakthroughs. In order to be sure that we have found new physics we must exclude subtle effects from the SM, or deduce it indirectly from small deviations from the SM. The strong nuclear force (QCD) can make this difficult, but we have outstanding expertise in computing these effects using state-of-the-art supercomputers and have now reached a level of precision where we must include effects of electromagnetism (QED) and differences in the masses of the quarks.It is important to continue to develop QFT, e.g. new tightly constrained theories have been found that become massless, at long or short distances. We use these to make better predictions of particle scattering and to better understand theories when mass is re-introduced or to work towards quantum gravity. The notion of "holography" has linked apparently very different systems such as QCD and Black Holes. We are developing it to learn more about a quantum gravity, and use gravity to study QCD including in extreme environments such as the cores of neutron stars. We are extending lattice field theory simulations to study gravity and cosmology (early-universe physics), including testing holographic models.

粒子物理学是对自然的基本组成部分、它们如何相互作用以及它们如何导致我们从最小尺度到最大尺度观察到的现象的研究。标准模型 (SM) 建立在量子场论 (QFT) 的基础上，对迄今为止从对撞机到天文观测的所有数据进行了令人印象深刻的准确描述。然而，从粒子质量的模式到我们缺乏量子引力理论，还有很多方面我们还不了解。大型强子对撞机（LHC）将在未来十年积累越来越多的数据；它在 2012 年发现了希格斯粒子，并有可能发现超越 SM 的新物理。到目前为止，这种新物理学的唯一实验证据是中微子质量和混合，它可能有助于揭示粒子质量的模式、四种力的强度，以及对宇宙中物质相对反物质、暗物质和暗能量的丰度的观察。即将进行的实验将解决这些问题。我们通过 NExT 研究所与大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 建立了密切的联系，并将通过设计搜索和解释数据的策略来帮助实验人员发现新的物理现象，例如通过我们易于使用的超级计算机界面 (HEPMDB) 以及为以前被忽视的物理现象定义新的触发器（将在当前的大型强子对撞机升级中实施）。一个共同点是违反电荷共轭对称性 (C) 和宇称 (P) 的组合，这可能很快就会在新领域中观察到，从而带来重大突破。为了确保我们发现了新的物理现象，我们必须排除 SM 的微妙影响，或者从 SM 的微小偏差间接推断出它。强核力 (QCD) 可能会使这变得困难，但我们在使用最先进的超级计算机计算这些效应方面拥有出色的专业知识，并且现在已经达到了必须包括电磁效应 (QED) 和夸克质量差异的精度水平。继续开发 QFT 非常重要，例如人们发现了新的严格约束理论，无论在长距离还是短距离，它们都会变得无质量。我们利用这些来更好地预测粒子散射，并更好地理解重新引入质量时的理论或研究量子引力。 “全息术”的概念已经将明显不同的系统联系起来，例如 QCD 和黑洞。我们正在开发它来更多地了解量子引力，并利用引力来研究 QCD，包括在中子星核心等极端环境中。我们正在扩展晶格场理论模拟来研究重力和宇宙学（早期宇宙物理学），包括测试全息模型。

项目成果

FLAG Review 2021

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10536-1
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Y. Aoki;T. Blum;G. Colangelo;S. Collins;M. Morte;P. Dimopoulos;S. Dürr;X. Feng;H. Fukaya

Capturing the cascade: a transseries approach to delayed bifurcations

捕获级联：延迟分叉的跨系列方法

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6544/ac2e44
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Nonlinearity
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Aniceto I

Weyl metrics and Wiener-Hopf factorization

Weyl 度量和 Wiener-Hopf 分解

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep05(2020)124
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Aniceto P

Slight excess at 130 GeV in search for a charged Higgs boson decaying to a charm quark and a bottom quark at the Large Hadron Collider

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ac77a6
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
• 作者: A. Akeroyd;S. Moretti;Muyuan Song

R 2 corrected AdS2 holography

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep03(2021)255
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: P. Aniceto;G. Cardoso;S. Nampuri