New Frontiers in Particle Physics, Cosmology and Gravity

粒子物理学、宇宙学和引力的新领域

• 批准号: ST/T000775/1
• 负责人: Nicholas Evans
• 金额: $ 190.95万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FT000775%2F1
• 关键词: New; Frontiers; Particle; Physics; Cosmology

Particle physics is the study of the fundamental building blocks of nature, how they interact and how they lead to what we observe from the smallest scales to the largest. The Standard Model (SM), which is built on quantum field theory (QFT), is an impressively accurate description of all data to date, from colliders to astronomical observations. Nevertheless, there are many aspects we do not understand from the pattern of particle masses to our lack of a quantum theory of gravity. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will accumulate ever-increasing amounts of data over the next decade; it famously discovered the Higgs particle in 2012 and could possibly discover new physics beyond the SM. So far the only experimental evidence for such new physics is neutrino mass & mixing, which may yet shed light on the pattern of particle masses, strength of the four forces, and observations of abundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe, dark matter and dark energy. Upcoming experiments will address these questions. We have close links to the LHC through the NExT institute and will help experimenters discover new physics, by devising strategies for searches and interpreting the data, for example through our easy-to-use interface (HEPMDB) to supercomputers and the definition of new triggers (to be implemented in the current LHC upgrade) for physics previously overlooked. A common thread is the violation of the combination of charge conjugation symmetry (C) and parity (P), which may be observed soon in new sectors leading to major breakthroughs. In order to be sure that we have found new physics we must exclude subtle effects from the SM, or deduce it indirectly from small deviations from the SM. The strong nuclear force (QCD) can make this difficult, but we have outstanding expertise in computing these effects using state-of-the-art supercomputers and have now reached a level of precision where we must include effects of electromagnetism (QED) and differences in the masses of the quarks.It is important to continue to develop QFT, e.g. new tightly constrained theories have been found that become massless, at long or short distances. We use these to make better predictions of particle scattering and to better understand theories when mass is re-introduced or to work towards quantum gravity. The notion of "holography" has linked apparently very different systems such as QCD and Black Holes. We are developing it to learn more about a quantum gravity, and use gravity to study QCD including in extreme environments such as the cores of neutron stars. We are extending lattice field theory simulations to study gravity and cosmology (early-universe physics), including testing holographic models.

粒子物理学是研究自然的基本组成部分，它们如何相互作用，以及它们如何导致我们从最小尺度到最大尺度的观察。建立在量子场论（QFT）基础上的标准模型（SM）是迄今为止所有数据的精确描述，从对撞机到天文观测。尽管如此，从粒子质量的模式到我们缺乏引力的量子理论，还有许多方面我们不理解。大型强子对撞机（LHC）将在未来十年内积累越来越多的数据;它在2012年发现了希格斯粒子，并可能发现SM之外的新物理。到目前为止，这种新物理学的唯一实验证据是中微子质量和混合，它可能揭示粒子质量的模式，四种力的强度，以及宇宙中物质相对于反物质的丰度，暗物质和暗能量的观测。即将进行的实验将解决这些问题。我们通过NExT研究所与LHC建立了密切的联系，并将通过设计搜索和解释数据的策略来帮助实验者发现新的物理学，例如通过我们易于使用的超级计算机接口（HEPMDB）以及为以前被忽视的物理学定义新的触发器（将在当前的LHC升级中实现）。一个共同的线索是违反了电荷共轭对称性（C）和宇称（P）的组合，这可能很快就会在新的领域中观察到，从而导致重大突破。为了确定我们已经发现了新的物理学，我们必须从标准模型中排除细微的影响，或者从标准模型的微小偏差中间接地推导出它。强核力（QCD）可能会使这一点变得困难，但我们在使用最先进的超级计算机计算这些效应方面拥有出色的专业知识，现在已经达到了必须包括电磁效应（QED）和夸克质量差异的精度水平。继续发展QFT是很重要的，例如，已经发现了新的严格约束理论，这些理论变得没有质量，在长距离或短距离。我们使用这些来更好地预测粒子散射，并更好地理解当质量重新引入或朝着量子引力工作时的理论。“全息术”的概念将QCD和黑洞等明显不同的系统联系起来。我们正在开发它来了解更多关于量子引力的知识，并利用引力来研究QCD，包括在极端环境中，如中子星的核心。我们正在扩展晶格场理论模拟来研究引力和宇宙学（早期宇宙物理学），包括测试全息模型。

项目成果

FLAG Review 2021

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10536-1
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Y. Aoki;T. Blum;G. Colangelo;S. Collins;M. Morte;P. Dimopoulos;S. Dürr;X. Feng;H. Fukaya

Capturing the cascade: a transseries approach to delayed bifurcations

捕获级联：延迟分叉的跨系列方法

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6544/ac2e44
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Nonlinearity
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Aniceto I

Weyl metrics and Wiener-Hopf factorization

Weyl 度量和 Wiener-Hopf 分解

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep05(2020)124
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Aniceto P

Slight excess at 130 GeV in search for a charged Higgs boson decaying to a charm quark and a bottom quark at the Large Hadron Collider

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ac77a6
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
• 作者: A. Akeroyd;S. Moretti;Muyuan Song

R 2 corrected AdS2 holography

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep03(2021)255
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: P. Aniceto;G. Cardoso;S. Nampuri