Collaborative Research: Chicxulub impact effects and the recovery of life using scientific drilling investigations at ground zero

合作研究：利用归零地科学钻探调查希克苏鲁伯撞击效应和生命恢复

• 批准号: 1736826
• 负责人: David Kring
• 金额: $ 14.49万
• 依托单位: Universities Space Research Association
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736826&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Chicxulub; impact; effects

The latest of Earth?s five largest mass extinction events occurred coeval with the impact of a ~14 km asteroid into the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), ending the Mesozoic Era. In April-May 2016, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), with co-funding from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), successfully cored with nearly 100% recovery from 505-1337 m below seafloor into the resulting 200 km-wide Chicxulub impact crater. These cores record an extraordinary sequence of impact and post-impact events. This project will investigate these unique cores further to understand the local and global effects of the only impact conclusively linked to a mass extinction event. This research is part of a larger international effort, including ~40 scientists from 14 countries, and also supports education and mentoring at the graduate and post-graduate level. Project researchers will continue to engage in outreach and education through media interviews, museum displays, and other activities to highlight the research to the general public. The recent IODP-ICDP drilling expedition at Chicxulub recovered the first-ever samples of an unequivocal peak ring. A peak ring is a discontinuous ring of mountains observed within the central basin of all large impact craters on rocky planets. The discovery that Chicxulub?s peak ring consists of largely granitic crust uplifted by ~10 km calibrates impact models, allows for observation of impact processes, and for a first-order assessment of the environmental consequences of the impact (?kill mechanisms?). Newly recovered cores include the uplifted target rocks: melt-rich impact generated rock types, hydrothermal deposits, a tsunami bed coupled with a settling layer, and the resumption of carbonate sedimentation. These lithologies record processes spanning from minutes to millions of years post-impact. The proposed work will: 1. Reconstruct thermal history of the peak ring and the duration of the impact-induced hydrothermal system to determine how these processes affected the return of life to the crater.2. Compare rock fragments in the impact rocks to pre-impact stratigraphy to quantify the volatiles released and constrain models of impact-induced climate change and extinction. 3. Find the first conclusive evidence of the asteroid within the crater to tie to global K-Pg boundary records and identify the possible influence of metal toxicity.4. Investigate the fossil record of the boundary sequence, in concert with the sedimentology, stratigraphy, and environmental chemistry, to illuminate possible killing mechanisms and determine the pace and timing of the recovery within the crater from the weeks after the impact through the early Paleocene.

地球上最新的五个最大巨大灭绝事件发生在相关的情况下，小行星约14 km对尤卡坦半岛（墨西哥）的影响，结束了中生代时代。 2016年4月3月，国际海洋发现计划（IODP），由国际大陆科学钻探计划（ICDP）共同资助，从海底以下505-1337 m的恢复近100％恢复到了200 km-Wide-Wide-Wide piclaub撞击小火山口。这些核心记录了撞击和影响后事件的非凡顺序。该项目将进一步研究这些独特的核心，以了解与大规模灭绝事件最终联系的唯一影响的局部和全球效应。这项研究是一项更大的国际努力的一部分，其中包括来自14个国家 /地区的40位科学家，还支持研究生和研究生层面的教育和指导。项目研究人员将继续通过媒体访谈，博物馆展示和其他活动从事外展和教育，以向公众强调研究。 Chicxulub最近的IODP-ICDP钻探探险队恢复了有史以来第一个明确的峰环的样品。峰环是在岩石行星上所有大型撞击火山口的中央盆地中观察到的山脉的不连续环。发现Chicxulub的峰环由大约10 km升高的花岗岩地壳组成的发现，可以校准影响模型，可以观察影响过程，并对影响的环境后果进行一阶评估（杀死机制？）。新恢复的核心包括升高的目标岩石：富含融化的撞击产生的岩石类型，水热沉积物，海啸床与沉降层相结合以及碳酸盐沉积的恢复。这些岩性记录了影响力后数百万年的过程。拟议的工作将：1。重建峰环的热历史和撞击引起的水热系统的持续时间，以确定这些过程如何影响生命的回归到火山口2。将冲击岩石中的岩石碎片与影响前的地层图进行比较，以量化释放的挥发物并约束影响诱导的气候变化和灭绝模型。 3。找到火山口内小行星的第一个结论性证据，使其与全球K-PG边界记录联系起来，并确定金属毒性的可能影响。4。研究边界序列的化石记录与沉积学，地层学和环境化学一致，以阐明可能的杀戮机制，并确定陨石坑内部几周内通过早期古新世开始的几周内恢复的步伐和时间。