Laboratory and Numerical Experiments on Ocean-scale Turbulent Stratified Mixing

海洋尺度湍流分层混合的室内和数值实验

基本信息

项目摘要

This project will use laboratory experiments and numerical modelling techniques to identify the mechanism by which waters in the surface of the ocean are mixed with heavier deeper waters through a process that is called overturning. Water in the world oceans is arranged in nearly-horizontal layers of density increasing with depth. Because of the difference in density, transfer of material between layers (i.e., lifting of denser water and sinking of lighter water) requires an external source of energy and the whole process is called mixing. There is considerable interest in understanding mixing in stratified bodies of water. This process is slow; it is estimated that it takes about 1,000 years to completely overturn the ocean. Yet, since the deep ocean holds large stores of heat and carbon dioxide, the overturning process is important as it regulates climate on the planet over millennial and longer time scales, and thus of great societal interest.Stratified mixing requires a source of energy (stirring), and the aim of this project is to characterize the efficiency of the process. To understand the concept of efficiency, it is convenient to think by analogy to an automobile. The gas burned in the engine releases a certain amount of energy, but only a fraction of it goes into moving the drivetrain. The rest is lost as heat. Likewise, only a fraction of the energy provided by the stirring mechanism goes into doing work against gravity, the rest being dissipated as frictional heat. Direct observations of ocean mixing with increasingly high resolution using, for example, acoustic sensors and fast temperature sensors, have shown surprising structures in shear-driven turbulence that suggest mixing at ocean scales may behave differently than small-scale laboratory measurements have suggested. This project addresses these issues through the study of turbulent mixing in carefully controlled laboratory experiments at scales relevant to oceanic flows and the use of numerical simulations. The experimental component is conducted in the UNC Joint Fluid Lab tank, a 36m long facility in which stratified shear flows with high buoyancy Reynolds number can be generated. This ensures a clear separation between the Kolmogorov and Ozmidov scales. The experiments are designed to establish the behavior of the flux Richardson number (a measure of efficiency), in the limit of high buoyancy Reynolds number and finite gradient Richardson number. The data acquired in the lab are used to train, via data-assimilation, a suite of increasingly complex numerical models, with the final goal of creating tools that can be used to diagnose efficiency from ocean data and to improve the parameterization of stratified mixing in global models.
该项目将利用实验室实验和数值模拟技术,查明海洋表面的沃茨通过一种称为翻转的过程与较深的较重沃茨混合的机制。世界各大洋中的水排列成密度随深度增加的近乎水平的层。由于密度的差异,材料在层之间的转移(即,密度大的水上升,密度小的水下沉)需要外部能源,整个过程称为混合。人们对理解分层水体中的混合现象有相当大的兴趣。这一过程是缓慢的;据估计,它需要大约1,000年才能完全推翻海洋。然而,由于深海储存了大量的热量和二氧化碳,翻转过程非常重要,因为它在千年甚至更长的时间尺度上调节地球上的气候,因此具有巨大的社会利益。分层混合需要能量来源(搅拌),本项目的目的是表征该过程的效率。要理解效率的概念,可以用汽车来类比。在发动机中燃烧的气体释放出一定量的能量,但只有一小部分用于驱动传动系统。其余的作为热量散失。同样地,只有一小部分由搅拌机构提供的能量用于克服重力做功,其余的作为摩擦热耗散。例如,使用声学传感器和快速温度传感器以越来越高的分辨率对海洋混合进行的直接观测显示出剪切驱动湍流中令人惊讶的结构,这表明海洋尺度上的混合可能与小规模实验室测量所显示的不同。该项目通过在与海洋流动有关的尺度上仔细控制的实验室实验中研究湍流混合和使用数值模拟来解决这些问题。实验部分是在CRAWJoint流体实验室的水槽中进行的,这是一个36米长的设施,可以产生具有高浮力雷诺数的分层剪切流。这确保了柯尔莫哥洛夫和奥兹米多夫尺度之间的明确分离。实验的目的是建立的行为的通量理查森数(效率的措施),在高浮力雷诺数和有限梯度理查森数的限制。在实验室中获得的数据用于通过数据同化训练一套日益复杂的数值模型,最终目标是创建可用于诊断海洋数据效率的工具,并改进全球模型中分层混合的参数化。

项目成果

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Alberto Scotti其他文献

Time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate abundances and site characteristics of European streams and rivers
欧洲溪流和河流的淡水大型无脊椎动物丰度和地点特征的时间序列
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    9.8
  • 作者:
    Ellen A R Welti;Diana E Bowler;James S Sinclair;F. Altermatt;Mario Álvarez;G. Amatulli;D. Angeler;G. Archambaud;Iñaki Arrate Jorrín;Thomas Aspin;Iker Azpiroz;N. Baker;Iñaki Bañares;José Barquín Ortiz;Christian L. Bodin;L. Bonacina;N. Bonada;R. Bottarin;M. Cañedo‐Argüelles;Z. Csabai;T. Datry;E. de Eyto;A. Dohet;S. Domisch;G. Dörflinger;Emma Drohan;Knut A. Eikland;J. England;T. Eriksen;Vesela V. Evtimova;M. Feio;M. Ferréol;M. Floury;M. Forcellini;M. Forio;R. Fornaroli;Nikolai Friberg;J. Fruget;Jaime R. García Márquez;Galia Georgieva;Peter L M Goethals;M. Graça;Andy House;Kaisa‐Leena Huttunen;Thomas Correll Jensen;Richard K. Johnson;J. I. Jones;Jens Kiesel;A. Larrañaga;P. Leitner;Lionel L’Hoste;Marie‐Hélène Lizée;A. Lorenz;A. Maire;J. A. Manzanos Arnaiz;B. Mckie;A. Millán;T. Muotka;John F. Murphy;D. Ozoliņš;Riku Paavola;P. Pařil;Francisco Jesús Peñas Silva;M. Polášek;J. Rasmussen;Manu Rubio;David Sánchez Fernández;L. Sandin;Ralf B. Schäfer;A. Schmidt‐Kloiber;Alberto Scotti;Longzhu Q. Shen;A. Skuja;S. Stoll;M. Straka;R. Stubbington;H. Timm;V. Tyufekchieva;I. Tziortzis;Y. Uzunov;G. H. van der Lee;R. Vannevel;Emilia Varadinova;Gábor Várbíró;G. Velle;Piet F.M. Verdonschot;R. Verdonschot;Y. Vidinova;P. Wiberg‐Larsen;Peter Haase
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter Haase
Alpine Kleinwasserkraft: Gewässerökologie und Mehrwert für die Region
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s35147-023-1815-5
  • 发表时间:
    2023-05-23
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0.200
  • 作者:
    Alberto Scotti;Alex Balzarini;Walter Gostner
  • 通讯作者:
    Walter Gostner
Isolated olfactory cleft involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prevalence and clinical correlates
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00405-020-06165-7
  • 发表时间:
    2020-06-23
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.200
  • 作者:
    Chiara Spoldi;Luca Castellani;Carlotta Pipolo;Alberto Maccari;Paolo Lozza;Alberto Scotti;Antonia Pisani;Giuseppe De Donato;Sara Portaleone;Maurizio Cariati;Giovanni Felisati;Alberto Maria Saibene
  • 通讯作者:
    Alberto Maria Saibene
Multi-decadal improvements in the ecological quality of European rivers are not consistently reflected in biodiversity metrics.
欧洲河流生态质量几十年来的改善并没有一致地反映在生物多样性指标中。
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41559-023-02305-4
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    16.8
  • 作者:
    James S Sinclair;Ellen A. R. Welti;F. Altermatt;Mario Álvarez;J. Aroviita;N. Baker;Libuše Barešová;J. Barquín;L. Bonacina;N. Bonada;M. Cañedo‐Argüelles;Z. Csabai;E. de Eyto;A. Dohet;G. Dörflinger;T. Eriksen;Vesela V. Evtimova;M. Feio;M. Ferréol;M. Floury;M. Forio;R. Fornaroli;Peter L M Goethals;J. Heino;D. Hering;Kaisa‐Leena Huttunen;Sonja C. Jähnig;Richard K Johnson;Lenka Kuglerová;B. Kupilas;Lionel L’Hoste;A. Larrañaga;P. Leitner;A. Lorenz;B. Mckie;T. Muotka;Diana Osadčaja;Riku Paavola;V. Palinauskas;P. Pařil;F. Pilotto;M. Polášek;J. Rasmussen;Ralf B. Schäfer;A. Schmidt‐Kloiber;Alberto Scotti;A. Skuja;M. Straka;R. Stubbington;H. Timm;V. Tyufekchieva;I. Tziortzis;R. Vannevel;Gábor Várbíró;G. Velle;R. Verdonschot;Sarah Vray;Peter Haase
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter Haase
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on hearing loss and otitis media in cleft palate children
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00405-021-07187-5
  • 发表时间:
    2021-12-02
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.200
  • 作者:
    Cecilia Rosso;Liliana Colletti;Martina Foltran;Alberto Maria Saibene;Antonia Pisani;Elisa Stefanoni;Alberto Scotti;Giovanni Felisati;Costanza Maria Meazzini
  • 通讯作者:
    Costanza Maria Meazzini

Alberto Scotti的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Alberto Scotti', 18)}}的其他基金

MOMS: a Minimal Ocean Mixing System
MOMS:最小的海洋混合系统
  • 批准号:
    2405801
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
MOMS: a Minimal Ocean Mixing System
MOMS:最小的海洋混合系统
  • 批准号:
    2049213
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Radiatively Driven Convection in a deep freshwater lake
合作研究:淡水深湖中的辐射驱动对流
  • 批准号:
    1829924
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The internal Surfzone: Wave-averaged circulation driven by nonlinear internal waves shoaling over spatially-varying bathymetry
合作研究:内部冲浪区:由非线性内波浅滩驱动的波平均环流在空间变化的测深中
  • 批准号:
    1558978
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Multiscale modeling of internal tides at topographic generation sites: turbulence and wave energetics:
协作研究:地形生成地点内潮汐的多尺度建模:湍流和波浪能量学:
  • 批准号:
    1459506
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Internal waves impinging on near-critical slopes: multiscale numerical quantification of localized mixing and exchange with the interior
合作研究:撞击近临界斜坡的内波:局部混合和与内部交换的多尺度数值量化
  • 批准号:
    0825997
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The Dynamics of Shoaling and Breaking Nonlinear Internal Waves and their Transport, Dispersion and Buoyancy and Momentum Balances
合作研究:浅滩和破裂非线性内波动力学及其传输、色散以及浮力和动量平衡
  • 批准号:
    0729636
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Rapid Gravitational Adjustment of Horizontal Shear: A Recipe for Energetic Mixing in the Coastal Ocean
合作研究:水平切变的快速重力调整:沿海海洋高能混合的秘诀
  • 批准号:
    0726475
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Sediment Transport in Oscillating Turbulent Boundary Layers
合作研究:振荡湍流边界层中的沉积物输送
  • 批准号:
    0351667
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Numerical Investigation of the Wave Boundary Layer over a Rippled Bed with Application to Sediment Transport
波纹床上波浪边界层的数值研究及其在泥沙输运中的应用
  • 批准号:
    9910883
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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Collaborative Research: Seismic cycles and earthquake nucleation on heterogeneous faults: Large-scale laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and Whillans ice stream
合作研究:非均质断层上的地震周期和地震成核:大规模实验室实验、数值模拟和惠兰斯冰流
  • 批准号:
    2240375
  • 财政年份:
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  • 批准号:
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Collaborative Research: The Mechanics of Intermediate Depth Earthquakes: a Multiscale Investigation Combining Seismological Analyses, Laboratory Experiments, and Numerical Modeling
合作研究:中深度地震的力学:结合地震分析、实验室实验和数值模拟的多尺度研究
  • 批准号:
    1925965
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    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
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Impacts of stray gas migration on shallow groundwater: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical modelling
杂散气体运移对浅层地下水的影响:实验室实验和数值模拟的见解
  • 批准号:
    506784-2017
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    $ 69.01万
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Collaborative Research: The Mechanics of Intermediate Depth Earthquakes: a Multiscale Investigation Combining Seismological Analyses, Laboratory Experiments, and Numerical Modeling
合作研究:中深度地震的力学:结合地震分析、实验室实验和数值模拟的多尺度研究
  • 批准号:
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  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.01万
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Collaborative Research: The Mechanics of Intermediate Depth Earthquakes: a Multiscale Investigation Combining Seismological Analyses, Laboratory Experiments, and Numerical Modeling
合作研究:中深度地震的力学:结合地震分析、实验室实验和数值模拟的多尺度研究
  • 批准号:
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Impacts of stray gas migration on shallow groundwater: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical modelling
杂散气体运移对浅层地下水的影响:实验室实验和数值模拟的见解
  • 批准号:
    506784-2017
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    $ 69.01万
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Collaborative Research: Investigating the interplay between creeping and seismogenic fault sections using large-scale laboratory experiments and high-resolution numerical models
合作研究:利用大规模实验室实验和高分辨率数值模型研究蠕动断层和发震断层之间的相互作用
  • 批准号:
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Impacts of stray gas migration on shallow groundwater: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical modelling
杂散气体运移对浅层地下水的影响:实验室实验和数值模拟的见解
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    506784-2017
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    2017
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