权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Dimensions: Collaborative Research: Biotic and abiotic drivers of Neotropical plant speciation

维度：合作研究：新热带植物物种形成的生物和非生物驱动因素

基本信息

批准号：
1737771
负责人：
Santiago Ramirez
金额：
$ 11.4万
依托单位：
University of California-Davis
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-04-01 至 2023-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737771&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dimensions Collaborative Research Biotic abiotic

项目摘要

Plants are the foundation for terrestrial biodiversity, and the forests of Central and South America are home to more types of plants than anywhere else in the world. Over very long time periods, this diversity of plants is produced by speciation, the complicated process whereby one species becomes two. This project will test ideas about how speciation happens in tropical forests. It will also greatly increase basic knowledge of how plants cope with different environments and how they interact with insects that pollinate their flowers and eat their leaves. Many undergraduate and graduate students, especially those from underrepresented groups in science, will participate in the project, gaining research experience and career training. The team will work to increase international capacity in biodiversity science by helping with field courses in Latin America, involving local research assistants at each tropical field site, and organizing an international research symposium in Costa Rica. Finally, investigators will broadly communicate their experiences and scientific findings to the general public. Results will help guide conservation and management of tropical forests, which are rapidly changing due to human influences.Two evolutionary hypotheses for high tropical speciation rates have been proposed. First, because tropical climates are relatively stable year-round, organisms may not evolve the ability to tolerate a wide range of climates and therefore may not disperse widely. Local populations will then become isolated from their relatives and gradually become new species. Alternatively, interactions between plants and other organisms, such as pollinators and herbivores, may vary from place to place, such that a population adapted to one biological community will grow and reproduce poorly when it spreads to another community. In this way, there may be natural selection for plants in different locations to become different species. This research uses spiral gingers in the monocot genus Costus in Costa Rica and Panama to test these hypotheses about tropical speciation. Spiral gingers occupy a wide range of habitats, extending from lowlands to montane forests and from dense understory to forest edges, with different temperature, water, and soil conditions. They interact with many different orchid bee and hummingbird pollinators, highly specialized beetles that feed on young leaves, and ants that provide protection from herbivores in exchange for nectar. This work integrates phylogenetic studies, broad scale observational approaches, focused field experiments (reciprocal transplants and direct manipulations of interacting organisms and abiotic factors), and genetic mapping. It will determine how plants interact with and adapt to pollinators, herbivores, ant protectors, and climatic conditions across their geographic ranges. It will evaluate whether speciation is caused by traits and genes that have positive effects in one environment and negative effects in other environments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物是陆地生物多样性的基础，中美洲和南美洲的森林比世界上任何其他地方都拥有更多类型的植物。在很长一段时间内，这种植物的多样性是由物种形成产生的，这是一个物种变成两个物种的复杂过程。这个项目将测试关于物种形成如何在热带森林中发生的想法。它还将大大增加植物如何科普不同环境的基本知识，以及它们如何与为花朵授粉和吃叶子的昆虫相互作用。许多本科生和研究生，特别是那些来自科学界代表性不足的群体的学生，将参加该项目，获得研究经验和职业培训。该小组将努力提高生物多样性科学方面的国际能力，办法是帮助在拉丁美洲举办实地课程，让每个热带实地的当地研究助理参与，并在哥斯达黎加组织一次国际研究专题讨论会。最后，研究人员将向公众广泛传播他们的经验和科学发现。研究结果将有助于指导热带森林的保护和管理，这是迅速变化的，由于人类的影响。首先，由于热带气候全年相对稳定，生物体可能无法进化出耐受各种气候的能力，因此可能不会广泛分布。当地种群将与其亲属隔离，并逐渐成为新的物种。另一方面，植物与其他生物（如传粉者和食草动物）之间的相互作用可能因地而异，因此，适应一个生物群落的种群在传播到另一个群落时，生长和繁殖能力会很差。这样，不同地点的植物可能会有自然选择，成为不同的物种。本研究使用哥斯达黎加和巴拿马的单子叶植物Costus属的螺旋生姜来测试这些关于热带物种形成的假设。螺旋姜占据了广泛的栖息地，从低地到山地森林，从茂密的林下植物到森林边缘，具有不同的温度，水和土壤条件。它们与许多不同的兰花蜜蜂和蜂鸟授粉者，以嫩叶为食的高度专业化的甲虫，以及提供保护以换取花蜜的食草动物的蚂蚁相互作用。这项工作整合了系统发育研究，大规模的观察方法，重点领域的实验（相互移植和直接操作的相互作用的生物和非生物因素），遗传图谱。它将决定植物如何与传粉者、食草动物、蚂蚁保护者以及其地理范围内的气候条件相互作用和适应。它将评估物种形成是否是由在一种环境中有积极影响而在其他环境中有消极影响的性状和基因引起的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。