Isotope Ecology and Paleoecology in East Africa in the Past 4 Ma

过去 4 Ma 东非的同位素生态学和古生态学

• 批准号: 1740383
• 负责人: Thure Cerling
• 金额: $ 60.18万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-01 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1740383&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Isotope; Ecology; Paleoecology; East; Africa

The goal of this funded project is to study how diets of the major mammal groups in East Africa have changed over the past 4 million years. The project will use stable isotopes and tooth morphology, which evolves in response to diet preference, to understand changes to diet over time. This project will provide insight into the evolutionary processes that relate diet to tooth morphology, and it will provide a better understanding of how to use isotopes to interpret diet in humans and other mammals. This project includes a strong team of international collaborators, an education and outreach program that will link students in Utah with students in Kenya, and will contribute to understanding dietary evolution at ecological timescales. In East Africa, where early humans evolved, stable isotopes provide an important tool that can be used to study how diets have changed over time. Previous work has shown that the modern dietary preferences for some mammalian groups is quite different than their most closely related ancestors. By using modern observations and working in the controlled environments of zoos, it will be possible to better quantify the diet-tissue-isotope relationship that is related to physiology (e.g., hindgut versus foregut digestion). In addition, carbon isotopes will be used to study grazing versus browsing preferences, and Mg-isotopes will be used to study trophic structure. Further, the research components of the project are strongly integrated with the broader impacts goals of the project, and students will learn how to use isotopes to study dietary preferences and spatial variation between different domestic animals (e.g., goats, sheep, cattle) from different regions.

该项目的目标是研究东非主要哺乳动物群体的饮食在过去400万年中是如何变化的。该项目将使用稳定的同位素和牙齿形态，它会随着饮食偏好的变化而演变，以了解随着时间的推移饮食的变化。该项目将深入了解饮食与牙齿形态相关的进化过程，并将更好地了解如何使用同位素来解释人类和其他哺乳动物的饮食。该项目包括一个强大的国际合作者团队，一个教育和推广计划，将联系犹他州的学生与肯尼亚的学生，并将有助于了解生态时间尺度上的饮食演变。在早期人类进化的东非，稳定同位素提供了一个重要的工具，可以用来研究饮食如何随着时间的推移而变化。先前的研究表明，一些哺乳动物群体的现代饮食偏好与它们最接近的祖先有很大不同。通过使用现代观察和在动物园的受控环境中工作，将有可能更好地量化与生理学相关的饮食-组织-同位素关系（例如，后肠消化与前肠消化）。此外，碳同位素将用于研究放牧与浏览偏好，镁同位素将用于研究营养结构。此外，该项目的研究组成部分与该项目更广泛的影响目标紧密结合，学生将学习如何使用同位素来研究不同家畜之间的饮食偏好和空间差异（例如，山羊、绵羊、牛）。

项目成果

CH4/CO2 Ratios and Carbon Isotope Enrichment Between Diet and Breath in Herbivorous Mammals

草食哺乳动物饮食和呼吸之间的 CH4/CO2 比率和碳同位素富集

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.638568
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Cerling, Thure E.;Bernasconi, Stefano M.;Hofstetter, Lino S.;Jaggi, Madalina;Wyss, Fabia;Rudolf von Rohr, Claudia;Clauss, Marcus
• 通讯作者: Clauss, Marcus

A Late Pleistocene third molar of Hylochoerus (Suidae, Mammalia) from Rusinga Island, Kenya: paleoenvironmental implications and a note on the hypsodonty of African forest hogs

• DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2021.1887861
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Historical Biology
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Ignacio A. Lazagabaster;T. Cerling;J. Faith

Stable isotope analysis of carnivores from the Turkana Basin, Kenya: Evidence for temporally-mixed fossil assemblages

肯尼亚图尔卡纳盆地食肉动物的稳定同位素分析：时间混合化石组合的证据

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2022.04.004
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Quaternary International
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Hopley, Philip J.;Cerling, Thure E.;Crété, Lucile;Werdelin, Lars;Mwebi, Ogeto;Manthi, Fredrick K.;Leakey, Louise N.
• 通讯作者: Leakey, Louise N.

Calcium isotopic ecology of Turkana Basin hominins

图尔卡纳盆地古人类的钙同位素生态学

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17427-7
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Nature Communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Martin, Jeremy E.;Tacail, Théo;Braga, José;Cerling, Thure E.;Balter, Vincent
• 通讯作者: Balter, Vincent

Late Middle Pleistocene Elephants from Natodomeri, Kenya and the Disappearance of Elephas (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in Africa

肯尼亚纳托多梅里的中更新世晚期大象和象（长鼻目，哺乳动物）在非洲的消失

• DOI: 10.1007/s10914-019-09474-9
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Mammalian Evolution
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Manthi, Fredrick Kyalo;Sanders, William J.;Plavcan, J. Michael;Cerling, Thure E.;Brown, Francis H.
• 通讯作者: Brown, Francis H.