Changes of the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism during the early post-mortem meat formation in the pig with special reference to mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase and the phenomenon of cellular (mitochondrial) treason

猪屠宰后，氧化纤维比例较高的肌肉（红色肌肉）比氧化纤维比例较低的肌肉（白色肌肉）具有更高的最终pH值。然而，在大多数情况下，这些肌肉类型之间的pH还原曲线并没有不同。这种差异可能是由于白色肌肉的缓冲能力更高和/或由于细胞（线粒体）背叛现象导致红色纤维的pH值加速降低。这种现象与f0f1 - atp酶的功能改变有关。生理条件下，跨线粒体内膜的电化学质子梯度与ATP合成有关，由f0f1 -ATP酶催化。缺氧（如屠宰后的缺氧）会降低质子梯度。为了维持梯度，f0f1 -ATP酶可以转变为ATP依赖的质子泵，这与组织中ATP消耗的增加有关（叛徒）。由于此时由于缺氧，ATP通过无氧糖酵解形成，并伴有乳酸积累，因此可以认为pH值被加速到白色肌肉的水平。关于猪骨骼肌细胞（线粒体）叛变的数据尚未发表。因此，在本研究中，应从生物化学和分子生物学角度研究猪屠宰后常氧和缺氧过程中线粒体呼吸能力、能量代谢酶，特别是f0f1 - atp酶、核苷酸和缓冲能力的变化。同时，将根据不同的肉质参数（如pH值、滴漏损失）对肌肉进行表征，并结合生化和分子生物学结果进行分析。本研究的目的是研究线粒体在屠宰后不久（死后早期）在正常大气氧浓度（normmoxia）和肌肉组织缺氧/缺氧之间过渡时对肉形成的影响，特别关注f0f1 - atp酶。

After slaughter of pigs, muscles with higher proportions of oxidative fibers (red muscles) in comparison to those with lower proportions (white muscles) have higher final pH values. However, the pH reduction curve is not different in most cases between these muscle types. This discrepancy may be due to the higher buffer capacity of white muscles and/ or the accelerated pH reduction in red fibers due to the phenomenon of cellular (mitochondrial) treason. This phenomenon is related to a functional change of the enzyme F0F1-ATPase. Under physiological conditions, the electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is associated with the synthesis of ATP, catalyzed by the F0F1-ATPase. Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia, e.g. after slaughter) reduces the proton gradient. For maintenance of the gradient F0F1-ATPase can change to an ATP-dependent proton pump, associated with increased ATP consumption of the tissue (treason). Since at this time due to hypoxia ATP is formed by anaerobic glycolysis accompanied with lactate accumulation, it could be assumed that the pH is accelerated to the level of the white muscles. Data about cellular (mitochondrial) treason in skeletal muscles in pigs have not been published. Therefore, in the present study changes of mitochondrial respiratory capacity, of enzymes from the energy metabolism, particularly of the F0F1-ATPase, of nucleotides and of the buffer capacity during normoxia and hypoxia after slaughter of pigs should be studied biochemically and molecular biologically. At the same time muscles will be characterized in terms of different meat quality parameters (e.g., pH, drip loss) and analyzed in conjunction with the biochemical and molecular biological results. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of mitochondria on meat formation shortly after slaughter (early post-mortem) at the transition between the normal atmospheric oxygen concentration (normoxia) and hypoxia / anoxia of the muscle tissue, with special focus on the F0F1-ATPase.