Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development

南极胚胎和幼虫的热敏感性：温度对代谢、发育速率和发育代谢成本的影响

• 批准号: 1745130
• 负责人: Amy Moran
• 金额: $ 38.5万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1745130&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Thermal; Sensitivity; Antarctic; Embryos; Larvae

Cold-blooded animals in the Antarctic ocean have survived in near-constant, extreme cold conditions for millions of years and are very sensitive to even small changes in water temperature. However, the consequences of this extreme thermal sensitivity for the energetics, development, and survival of developing embryos is not well understood. This award will investigate the effect of temperature on the metabolism, growth rate, developmental rate, and developmental energetics of embryos and larvae of Antarctic marine ectotherms. The project will also measure annual variation in temperature and oxygen at different sites in McMurdo Sound, and compare embryonic and larval metabolism in winter and summer to determine the extent to which these life stages can acclimate to seasonal shifts. This research will provide insight into the ability of polar marine animals and ecosystems to withstand warming polar ocean conditions.Antarctic marine ectotherms exhibit universally slow growth, low metabolic rates, and extended development, yet many of their rate processes related to physiology and metabolism are highly thermally sensitive. This suggests that small changes in temperature may result in dramatic changes to energy metabolism, growth, and the rate and duration of development. This project will measure the effects of temperature on metabolism, developmental rate, and the energetic cost of development of four common and ecologically important species of benthic Antarctic marine invertebrates. These effects will be measured over the functional ranges of the organisms and in the context of environmentally relevant seasonal shifts in temperature around McMurdo Sound. Recent data show that seasonal warming of ~1 deg C near McMurdo Station is accompanied by long-lasting hyperoxic events that impact the benthos in the nearshore boundary layer. This research will provide a more comprehensive understanding of both annual variation in environmental oxygen and temperature across the Sound, and whether this variation drives changes in developmental rate and energetics that are consistent with physiological acclimatization. These data will provide key information about potential impacts of warming Antarctic ectotherms. In addition, this project will support undergraduate and graduate research and partner with large-enrollment undergraduate courses and REU programs at an ANNH and AANAPISI Title III minority-serving institution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南极海洋中的冷血动物在近乎恒定的极端寒冷条件下生存了数百万年，对水温的微小变化非常敏感。 然而，这种极端的热敏感性对发育中胚胎的能量学、发育和存活的影响还不清楚。 该奖项将研究温度对南极海洋外温动物胚胎和幼虫的代谢、生长速率、发育速率和发育能量学的影响。 该项目还将测量麦克默多湾不同地点的温度和氧气的年度变化，并比较冬季和夏季的胚胎和幼虫代谢，以确定这些生命阶段在多大程度上能够适应季节变化。 这项研究将提供洞察极地海洋动物和生态系统的能力，以抵御极地海洋变暖的条件。南极海洋外温动物普遍表现出缓慢的增长，低代谢率，和延长的发展，但他们的许多有关的生理和代谢率过程是高度热敏性的。 这表明，温度的微小变化可能会导致能量代谢、生长以及发育速度和持续时间的巨大变化。 该项目将测量温度对南极海底海洋无脊椎动物中四种常见的、具有重要生态意义的物种的新陈代谢、发育率和发育所需的能量成本的影响。 这些影响将在生物的功能范围内以及在麦克默多湾周围与环境有关的季节性温度变化的背景下进行测量。 最近的数据显示，麦默多站附近的季节性变暖约1摄氏度，伴随着长期持续的高氧事件，影响近岸边界层的底栖生物。 这项研究将提供一个更全面的了解在整个声音环境氧气和温度的年度变化，以及这种变化是否驱动与生理适应一致的发育速率和能量学的变化。 这些数据将提供有关南极外温动物变暖的潜在影响的关键信息。 此外，该项目将支持本科生和研究生研究，并与ANNH和AANAPISI Title III少数民族服务机构的大招生本科课程和REU课程合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Egg masses and larval development of the Antarctic cephalaspidean snail Waegelea antarctica (Cephalaspidea: Antarctophilinidae), with notes on egg masses of the related Antarctophiline alata

南极头螺蜗牛 Waegelea antarctica（头螺总科：Antarctophilinidae）的卵块和幼虫发育，以及相关 Antarctophiline alata 卵块的注释

• DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyab027
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Molluscan Studies
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Moran, A L;Toh, M-W A;Lobert, G T;Ely, T;Marko, P B
• 通讯作者: Marko, P B

Reconsidering the Oxygen–Temperature Hypothesis of Polar Gigantism: Successes, Failures, and Nuance

重新考虑极地巨人论的氧温度假说：成功、失败和细微差别

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa088
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Woods, H Arthur;Moran, Amy L
• 通讯作者: Moran, Amy L

Introduction to the Symposium: New Frontiers in Antarctic Marine Biology

研讨会简介：南极海洋生物学新领域

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa135
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: McClintock, James B;Amsler, Charles D;Baker, Bill J;Moran, Amy L;Arthur Woods, H
• 通讯作者: Arthur Woods, H