Workshop on the Role of Immigrants and Foreign Students in Science, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

外国出生的人在美国科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）劳动力中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本次研讨会重点介绍了目前的研究以及对移民和外国学生在科学、创新和创业方面的作用进行进一步研究的必要性。会议的目标是加深对有助于美国保持和继续发展高质量、多样化和有弹性的STEM劳动力的因素的理解。了解创新者和科学家的劳动力市场是如何运作的，对于了解创新和经济增长的驱动因素非常重要。然而，STEM工人的劳动力市场是复杂的，经济学家并没有完全理解其动态。一些经济学家认为，外国学生申请专利或发表科学文章的可能性要高得多，而另一些人则认为，接纳大量外国学生会降低美国出生的科学家的收入，并削弱美国本地人进入科学事业的动力。研究表明，移民比本地人更有可能创办以科学为基础的新企业，但这一现象的原因及其对政策的影响尚未得到充分研究。在当前关于移民的公开辩论的背景下，迫切需要关于移民对STEM劳动力和创新的经济影响的证据和共识。研讨会旨在促进和分享有关高技能移民和STEM劳动力的学术研究，将这些研究综合并传播给政策和商业社区，并与这些社区进行对话，以告知研究人员尚未解决的问题。近年来，新的数据集和有希望的因果推理的新实证方法已经出现，这将对高技能stem相关移民的经济学文献做出重大贡献。在移民和创新领域的几个主题上出现了新的工作。最近研究中出现的主题包括与H-1B签证政策有关的工作；外国学生对美国科学知识的生产和传播以及STEM领域的本土教育入学、就业和工资的影响；在美国接受培训的科学家和工程师回国；以及移民的高科技创业。研讨会邀请感兴趣的学术和非学术专家就这些主题进行对话。

The foreign-born play an increasingly important role in the US Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) workforce. This workshop highlights current research and the need for additional research on the roles of immigrants and foreign students in science, innovation and entrepreneurship. The goal of the conference is to increase understanding of the factors that will help the United States maintain and continue to develop a STEM labor force that is of the highest quality as well as diverse and resilient. Understanding how labor markets for innovators and scientists work is important for learning about the drivers of innovation and economic growth. Yet labor markets for STEM workers are complex and their dynamics are not fully understood by economists. Some economists have suggested that foreign students are disproportionately more likely to patent or publish scientific articles, while others have argued that admitting large numbers of foreign students reduces earnings for US-born scientists and weakens incentives for natives to enter scientific careers. Research has shown that immigrants are more likely to start new science-based businesses than natives, but the reasons for this and the implications for policy have not been fully developed. In the context of the current public debate on immigration, there is a pressing need for evidence and consensus-building on the economic impacts of immigration on the STEM workforce and innovation. The workshop is designed to stimulate and share academic research on high-skilled immigration and the STEM labor force, synthesize and disseminate this research to the policy and business communities, and engage in dialogue with these communities to inform researchers about unanswered questions. In recent years, new datasets and promising new empirical approaches to causal inference have emerged that will make significant contributions to the economics literature on high-skilled STEM-related immigration. New work has appeared on several themes within the area of immigration and innovation. Examples of emerging themes in recent research include work related to H-1B visa policies; impacts of foreign students on the production and diffusion of scientific knowledge in the US and on native educational enrollment, employment and wages in STEM fields; return migration of US-trained scientists and engineers; and immigrant high-technology entrepreneurship. The workshop engages interested academic and non-academic experts in a dialogue on these themes.