Physiological Ecology of "Herbivorous" Antarctic Copepods

“草食性”南极桡足类的生理生态学

• 批准号: 1746087
• 负责人: Ann Tarrant
• 金额: $ 65.86万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1746087&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiological; Ecology; Herbivorous; Antarctic; Copepods

Animals in the polar oceans have adapted to dramatic seasonal changes in day length, food availability, and ice cover, as well as to consistently cold waters. This project focuses on the adaptations of copepods - small animals that live in the water column and are an important food source to many different predators. The field studies will take place in the western Antarctic Peninsula, an environment and ecosystem that is rapidly changing. Antarctic copepods have developed particular feeding and behavioral strategies to survive in their very seasonal environment, however it is not known how each of these species will respond to environmental change. The overall goal of this project is to examine and compare these adaptations across species and to understand how each species responds to short-term changes in food availability. The project contains three main objectives: the first objective is to compare the sets of genes across species, especially looking at genes related to storage of energy from food. The second objective is to measure and compare the responses of copepods to changes in food availability. The third objective is to determine how variation across the western Antarctic Pensinsula habitat affects the feeding condition of the copepods. To make the data more useful to the broader research community, a database will be developed enabling easy comparison of genetic information between copepod species. This project will provide hands-on training opportunities to graduate and undergraduate student and will seek to recruit students from underrepresented groups. Results and scientific concepts will be shared through outreach activities, including an expedition blog, a series of interactive animations, and public presentations.Polar marine organisms have adapted to dramatic seasonal changes in photoperiod, light intensity, and ice cover, as well as to cold but stable thermal environments. The western Antarctic Peninsula, the focal region for the field studies, has experienced rapid warming and ice melt. While it is difficult to predict exactly how physical conditions in this region will change, effects on species distributions have already been documented. Large Antarctic copepods in the families Calanidae and Rhincalanidae are dominant components of the mesozooplankton that use different metabolic and behavioral strategies to optimize their use of a highly seasonal food supply. The overall goal of this project is to leverage molecular approaches to examine the physiological and metabolic adaptations at the individual and species level. The project focuses on three main objectives: the first objective is to characterize the gene complement and stage-specific gene expression patterns in Antarctic copepods within an evolutionary context. The second objective is to measure and compare the physiological and molecular responses of juvenile copepods to variable feeding conditions. The third objective is to characterize metabolic variation within natural copepod populations. The metabolically diverse Antarctic copepods also provide an excellent opportunity to compare mechanisms regulating energy storage and utilization and to test hypotheses regarding the roles of specific genes. The field studies will aim to utilize information from an ongoing long term research program (the Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research), which complements the ongoing program and provides extensive context for this project. To make the data more useful to the research community, a database will be developed facilitating comparison of transcriptomes between copepod species. This project will provide hands-on training opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students. Efforts will be made to recruit students who are members of underrepresented minorities. Results and scientific concepts will be broadly disseminated through an expedition blog, a series of interactive animations, and public presentations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

极地海洋中的动物适应了日期，食物供应和冰盖的季节性变化，以及一贯的冷水。该项目的重点是Copepods的适应 - 居住在水柱中的小动物，是许多不同捕食者的重要食物来源。现场研究将在南极西部半岛进行，这是一个正在迅速变化的环境和生态系统。南极cope脚架已开发出特殊的喂养和行为策略以在其季节性环境中生存，但是尚不知道这些物种中的每一个都会对环境变化做出反应。该项目的总体目标是检查和比较跨物种的这些适应，并了解每个物种如何应对食品可用性的短期变化。该项目包含三个主要目标：第一个目标是比较跨物种的基因集，尤其是查看与食物中能量储存有关的基因。第二个目标是衡量和比较copepods对食物可用性变化的反应。第三个目标是确定南极西部庞文纳西部栖息地的变异如何影响copepods的喂养条件。 为了使数据对更广泛的研究社区更有用，将开发一个数据库，从而可以轻松比较copepod物种之间的遗传信息。该项目将为毕业和本科生提供动手培训机会，并寻求从代表性不足的团体中招募学生。结果和科学概念将通过外展活动分享，包括探险博客，一系列互动动画和公开演示。PolarMarine生物已经适应了光周期，光强度和冰盖的巨大季节性变化，以及寒冷但稳定的热环境。南极西部半岛是现场研究的焦点区域，经历了快速变暖和冰融化。尽管很难准确预测该区域的身体状况将如何变化，但已经记录了对物种分布的影响。 Calanidae和Rhincalanidae家族中的大型南极共脚类动物是中介班克顿的主要成分，它们使用不同的代谢和行为策略来优化其对高度季节性食品供应的使用。该项目的总体目标是利用分子方法来检查个体和物种水平的生理和代谢适应。该项目的重点是三个主要目标：第一个目标是表征在进化环境中南极copepods中基因补体和特定阶段基因表达模式。第二个目标是测量和比较少年copepods与可变进食条件的生理和分子反应。第三个目标是表征天然CopePod种群中的代谢变异。代谢多样的南极copepods还提供了一个极好的机会，可以比较调节能源储存和利用的机制，并测试有关特定基因作用的假设。现场研究将旨在利用正在进行的长期研究计划（Palmer长期生态研究）中的信息，该计划对正在进行的计划进行了补充，并为该项目提供了广泛的背景。为了使数据对研究界更有用，将开发一个数据库，以促进copepod物种之间转录组的比较。该项目将为毕业和本科生提供动手培训机会。将努力为招募代表性不足的少数群体成员的学生做出努力。结果和科学概念将通过探险博客，一系列互动动画和公开演示进行广泛传播。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

A Crude Awakening: Effects of Crude Oil on Lipid Metabolism in Calanoid Copepods Terminating Diapause

原油觉醒：原油对终止滞育的桡足类脂质代谢的影响

• DOI: 10.1086/705234
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The biological bulletin
• 作者: Skottene, E;Tarrant, AM;Olsen, AJ;Altin, D;Hansen, BH;Choquet, M;Olsen, RE;Jenssen, BM
• 通讯作者: Jenssen, BM

De novo transcriptome assembly of the Southern Ocean copepod Rhincalanus gigas sheds light on developmental changes in gene expression

• DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2021.100835
• 发表时间: 2021-07-01
• 期刊: MARINE GENOMICS
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Berger, Cory A.;Steinberg, Deborah K.;Tarrant, Ann M.
• 通讯作者: Tarrant, Ann M.

The beta-oxidation pathway is downregulated during diapause termination in Calanus copepods

桡足类滞育终止期间β-氧化途径下调

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53032-5
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Skottene, E;Tarrant, AM;Olsen, AJ;Altin, D;Østensen, M-A;Hansen, BH;Choquet, M;Jenssen, BM;Olsen, RE
• 通讯作者: Olsen, RE