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Bone strength and physical activity over the lifecourse

一生中的骨强度和体力活动

基本信息

批准号：
1748282
负责人：
Brigitte Holt
金额：
$ 78.88万
依托单位：
University of Massachusetts Amherst
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1748282&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Bone strength physical activity over

项目摘要

There are a number of genetic, behavioral and life history factors associated with bone mass in the modern human skeleton. Previous research in animal models, and in human clinical and archaeological samples, has shown a positive relationship between physical activity and bone mass. However, few data are available for population-representative samples from modern human groups with very high activity levels and pathogen loads. This project will study bone mass in such a population, in order to advance our understanding of the complex relationships among bone mass, population history, energetics, and physical activity across the lifespan. The proposed research will advance our understanding of modern human skeletal evolution and adaptation, as well as the skeletal impacts of the sedentary lifestyle found in many industrialized societies including the U.S. This project will provide training opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, support international research collaborations and public science outreach activities, and contribute bone-related data to a larger ethnographic and biological database for a non-industrialized population.Physical inactivity, relative to past populations, is thought to contribute to modern human skeletal gracility, based on the idea that impact forces from load bearing and muscle contraction trigger bone deposition, a process called "bone functional adaptation." According to this idea, which is well supported by studies of athletes and exercise interventions, bone adapts to the demands of physical activity both by adding bone tissue and altering its cross-sectional distribution in the direction of the highest bending strains. However, anthropological studies of bone functional adaptation have not fully explored the potentially interactive and/or confounding effects of activity profiles, diet, infectious burden and body composition (e.g. muscle mass) on bone. This project will test whether higher physical activity levels, including in childhood, lead to greater bone strength, and whether greater bone strength mitigates age-related bone loss and fracture risk. The project will also examine the extent to which bone growth in response to habitual, physically-intensive subsistence activities is constrained by energetic limitations and high pathogen burden. To address these questions, the research team will 1) image arm and leg bone structure using quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the tibia, femur, radius and humerus; 2) measure physical activity levels to examine effects of mechanical loading on bone structure; 3) examine how degree of industrialization, family history of fractures, and socio-economic factors impact the relationship between physical activity levels and bone strength; and 4) document prevalence and structural correlates of low bone mass.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在现代人类骨骼中，有许多遗传、行为和生活史因素与骨量有关。之前在动物模型以及人类临床和考古样本中的研究表明，体力活动与骨量之间存在正相关关系。然而，很少有来自具有非常高活动水平和病原体载量的现代人群体的具有人口代表性的样本的数据。这个项目将研究这样一个人群中的骨量，以促进我们对骨量、人口历史、能量学和一生中体力活动之间复杂关系的理解。这项拟议的研究将促进我们对现代人类骨骼进化和适应的理解，以及包括美国在内的许多工业化社会中久坐不动的生活方式对骨骼的影响。该项目将为研究生和本科生提供培训机会，支持国际研究合作和公共科学推广活动，并将与骨骼相关的数据贡献给非工业化人口的更大的人种学和生物学数据库。相对于过去的人口，缺乏身体活动被认为有助于现代人类骨骼的优雅，其基础是来自负重和肌肉收缩的冲击力触发骨沉积，这一过程被称为“骨功能适应”。根据这一观点，骨骼通过增加骨组织和改变其沿弯曲应变最大方向的横截面分布来适应体力活动的要求，这一观点得到了运动员和运动干预的很好支持。然而，人类学对骨功能适应的研究尚未充分探索活动类型、饮食、感染性负担和身体成分(如肌肉质量)对骨的潜在交互和/或混杂影响。该项目将测试较高的体力活动水平，包括在儿童时期，是否会导致更强的骨骼强度，以及更强的骨骼强度是否可以缓解与年龄相关的骨丢失和骨折风险。该项目还将检查骨骼生长在多大程度上受到能量限制和高病原体负担的限制，以应对习惯性的、体力密集型的生存活动。为了解决这些问题，研究小组将1)使用胫骨、股骨、桡骨和肱骨的定量计算机断层扫描(PQCT)对手臂和腿部的骨骼结构进行成像；2)测量体力活动水平以检查机械负荷对骨结构的影响；3)检查工业化程度、骨折家族史和社会经济因素如何影响体力活动水平和骨强度之间的关系；4)记录低骨量的患病率和结构相关性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。