CAREER: Global Digital Privacy Innovation

本研究将通过发展对非西方背景下新手技术用户所面临的隐私挑战的基本理解，并设计经验驱动和理论基础的技术干预措施，改变现有的以人为中心的隐私知识，从而推动全球数字隐私创新。虽然获取数字技术提供了巨大的潜在好处，但它也使人们面临数字安全和隐私攻击的风险，非西方背景下的新技术用户可能缺乏了解风险和保护个人数据所需的技术知识和经验。此外，越来越多的证据表明：(1)这些人群面临着一系列新的和有趣的数字隐私挑战，这些挑战源于他们不同的社会、文化和宗教背景；(2)当前移动设备的设计以及随之而来的隐私机制主要是由西方价值观驱动的，并没有充分满足这些不同人群的需求。这项研究将有助于美国公司在全球技术市场上更具竞争力，并使开发人员能够创建尊重不同文化和价值观的隐私保护系统。研究议程有四个主要目标。第一部分将通过定性的实地调查收集经验数据，深入了解人们的使用模式、隐私问题和优先事项。第二部分将分析这些经验数据以生成隐私威胁模型，并评估不同隐私攻击的相关性、严重性和可能性。第三个将使用参与式设计、软件开发和现场部署来创建和评估新的技术干预措施，通过支持替代设备使用模型和提高人们对隐私威胁的理解和意识来改善数字隐私。最后，第四部分将把这些研究成果整合到一系列广泛的教育和推广活动中，以扩大项目对学术界、工业界和社会的影响。这种以人为中心的研究促进了非西方社会中数字隐私和技术使用的现有知识，这将有利于计算机科学、安全和隐私、人机交互（HCI）、全球发展等领域的研究人员。具体的智力贡献包括：(1)建立对非西方背景下新手用户所面临的隐私挑战的基本理解；(2)识别新的威胁模型并分析隐私攻击形势；(3)设计和评估改善不同人群数字隐私的新技术干预措施；(4)提供经验数据和设计思想，在HCI发展与计算机安全和隐私的交叉领域开创一个新的创新领域。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This research will drive global digital privacy innovation by developing a fundamental understanding of the privacy challenges faced by novice technology users in non-Western contexts and designing empirically-driven and theoretically-grounded technical interventions that transform existing knowledge of human-centered privacy. Although access to digital technologies offers great potential benefits, it also puts people at risk of digital security and privacy attacks, and novice technology users in non-Western contexts may lack the technological knowledge and experience required to understand the risks and protect their personal data. Moreover, a growing amount of evidence suggests that (1) these populations face a range of new and interesting digital privacy challenges that result from their different social, cultural, and religious contexts, and (2) the current design of mobile devices, and the privacy mechanisms that come with them, are primarily driven by Western values and do not adequately address the needs of these diverse populations. This research will help US corporations to be more competitive in the global technology market and enable developers to create privacy-preserving systems that respect different cultures and values.The research agenda has four primary aims. The first will collect empirical data through qualitative fieldwork that provides a deep understanding of people's usage patterns, privacy concerns, and priorities. The second will analyze this empirical data to generate privacy threat models and assess the relevance, severity, and likelihood of different privacy attacks. The third will use participatory design, software development, and field deployments to create and evaluate novel technical interventions that improve digital privacy by supporting alternative device usage models and increasing people's understanding and awareness of privacy threats. Finally, the fourth will integrate these research efforts into a broad set of education and outreach activities that amplify the project's impact on academia, industry, and society. This human-centered research advances existing knowledge of digital privacy and technology use in non-Western societies, which will benefit researchers in computer science, security and privacy, human-computer interaction (HCI), global development, and others. The specific intellectual contributions include: (1) developing a fundamental understanding of the privacy challenges faced by novice users in non-Western contexts, (2) identifying new threat models and analyzing the privacy attack landscape, (3) designing and evaluating novel technical interventions that improve digital privacy for diverse populations, and (4) contributing empirical data and design ideas that initiate a new field of innovation at the intersection of HCI for development and computer security and privacy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.