Doctoral Dissertation Research: Prenatal and postnatal correlates of infant growth and development

博士论文研究：婴儿生长发育的产前和产后相关性

• 批准号: 1749911
• 负责人: Claudia Valeggia
• 金额: $ 2.23万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-15 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1749911&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Prenatal; postnatal

A growing body of research in biological anthropology and related disciplines indicates that an individual's early life environment can have long-term effects on their physiology and well-being. This doctoral dissertation project will investigate whether maternal nutrition and breastfeeding duration are associated with the amount and distribution of fat that infants have between birth and four months of age, in a population with high and rising rates of infant, child, and adult obesity. Certain fat distributions are thought to be related to the risk of obesity, and this fundamental research will be important in characterizing variation in infant growth and development and for comparisons with data from other populations. The research will contribute to our broader understanding of human biological variation and adaptations, and the evolution of modern human life history, and could inform public health research on the global obesity epidemic. The project will provide research training and scientific education in a STEM field to graduate and undergraduate students from the U.S., and build both research capacity and collaborations at the research site.The investigator will use a longitudinal design to collect data on infant size and fatness in Samoan infants, as they grow from birth to four months of age, using the "gold standard" dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. The use of DEXA will allow for measurement of both total body fat and body fat distribution. She will test whether maternal nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration are associated with how much fat infants have at birth and four months, as well as the body regions where fat is distributed. Greater fat stored around the organs and less fat directly stored under the skin is thought to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease in adults. The data generated in this project may inform the design of future interventions that target the prevention of obesity at the earliest point. In addition, findings from this project will contribute to the understanding of how fat growth in early life varies by population history and the current environmental stresses a population faces (e.g., highly pathogenic environments and highly caloric, low nutritional environments), and will be relevant to all human populations.

越来越多的生物人类学和相关学科的研究表明，一个人的早期生活环境会对他们的生理和健康产生长期影响。该博士论文项目将调查在婴儿、儿童和成人肥胖率较高且不断上升的人群中，母亲营养和母乳喂养时间是否与婴儿出生至4个月间脂肪的数量和分布有关。某些脂肪分布被认为与肥胖的风险有关，这项基础研究将对描述婴儿生长发育的变化以及与其他人群的数据进行比较具有重要意义。这项研究将有助于我们更广泛地了解人类生物变异和适应，以及现代人类生活史的演变，并可能为全球肥胖流行的公共卫生研究提供信息。该项目将为来自美国的研究生和本科生提供STEM领域的研究培训和科学教育，并在研究现场建立研究能力和合作。该研究人员将使用“金标准”双x射线吸收测定法（DEXA）技术，采用纵向设计收集萨摩亚婴儿从出生到4个月大期间的婴儿尺寸和肥胖数据。DEXA的使用将允许测量体脂总量和体脂分布。她将测试怀孕期间母亲的营养和母乳喂养时间是否与婴儿出生时和4个月时的脂肪含量以及脂肪分布的身体区域有关。储存在器官周围的脂肪越多，而直接储存在皮肤下的脂肪越少，被认为会增加成年人患心血管疾病的风险。该项目产生的数据可能为未来干预措施的设计提供信息，这些干预措施旨在尽早预防肥胖。此外，该项目的研究结果将有助于了解生命早期脂肪生长如何随种群历史和种群面临的当前环境压力（例如，高致病性环境和高热量、低营养环境）而变化，并将与所有人群相关。