CAREER: Islands as Models to Study Effects of Multidimensional Selection

职业：岛屿作为研究多维选择效应的模型

• 批准号: 1751157
• 负责人: Christine Parent
• 金额: $ 109.39万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Idaho
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1751157&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Islands; Models; Study; Effects

This project will study the question of what governs the diversity of species using the Galapagos Islands, where factors influencing diversity range in their complexity. The islands of the Galapagos vary in age from young (less than 50,000 years old) to old (more than 4 million years old). This range in age can be used to study how biological diversity is shaped when communities are simple with few interacting species (on young islands), and when communities are more complex and characterized by numerous biological interactions (on older islands). This project will measure the rate at which new species are formed and diversity accumulates across a group of approximately 80 species of land snails forming the Galapagos's largest proliferation of species diversity. A combination of field and laboratory studies will be used to understand how the rate of evolution is influenced by the complexity of natural selection. A course for undergraduate students at the University of Idaho will introduce students to biodiversity patterns and guide them through the underlying evolutionary core principles generating these patterns using a series of field research excursions in the Pacific Northwest that is analogous to the Galapagos research expeditions. Students will also follow Galapagos research via Adventure Learning capsules (videos and integrated teaching material) which will guide and inspire them in the development of their own local research projects. Outreach activities also include developing a bilingual English-Spanish guidebook of Galapagos terrestrial snails, presentations and workshops for Galapagos park rangers, staff scientists, and guides, and disseminating research results in scientific publications, textbooks, magazines and the popular press.Islands are living laboratories where evolutionary change is clear, tangible, and can be directly observed. On Galapagos, the number of selection pressures increases from young to old islands as species assemble in more diverse and complex communities. Although substantial research efforts have been devoted to quantify selection in simple environments, there is a need to characterize the effects and interactions of multiple selection pressures in complex natural biological systems, and the proposed work will fill this gap. The project will characterize variation in morphological and physiological traits of snails and quantify variation in multiple environmental factors for the approximately 80 Galapagos endemic land snail species of the genus Naesiotus and their mainland relatives. Species-level phylogenetic history of the lineage will be reconstructed to determine the number of independent colonization events that led to the diversity of Galapagos Naesiotus snails, and put the phenotype-environment association analyses in a phylogenetically-informed framework. The data will then be used to address hypotheses related to the effects of multiple selection pressures (i.e., increased complexity) on the rate of phenotypic change and adaptation in this lineage.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本项目将研究是什么支配着加拉帕戈斯群岛的物种多样性问题，因为影响物种多样性的各种因素错综复杂。加拉帕戈斯群岛的年龄从年轻（不到50，000岁）到老年（超过400万年）不等。这一年龄范围可用于研究生物多样性是如何形成的，当社区简单，相互作用的物种很少（在年轻的岛屿上），当社区更复杂，特点是许多生物相互作用（在老岛屿上）。该项目将测量形成新物种的速度和形成加拉帕戈斯最大的物种多样性增殖的大约80种陆生蜗牛的多样性积累速度。实地和实验室研究的结合将被用来了解进化的速度是如何受到自然选择的复杂性的影响。爱达荷州大学的本科生课程将向学生介绍生物多样性模式，并指导他们通过基本的进化核心原则产生这些模式，使用一系列的实地研究考察在太平洋西北部，类似于加拉帕戈斯研究探险。学生还将通过冒险学习胶囊（视频和综合教材）跟踪加拉帕戈斯研究，这将指导和激励他们发展自己的本地研究项目。推广活动还包括编写一本关于加拉帕戈斯陆生蜗牛的双语英文-西班牙文指南，为加拉帕戈斯公园管理员、科学家和导游举办介绍会和讲习班，并在科学出版物、教科书、杂志和大众媒体上传播研究成果，岛屿是活生生的实验室，在那里，进化变化是清晰、有形的，可以直接观察到。在加拉帕戈斯，随着物种聚集在更加多样化和复杂的群落中，选择压力的数量从年轻的岛屿到古老的岛屿不断增加。虽然大量的研究工作已经致力于量化选择在简单的环境中，有必要在复杂的自然生物系统中的多重选择压力的影响和相互作用的特点，拟议的工作将填补这一空白。该项目将描述蜗牛形态和生理特征的变化，并量化加拉帕戈斯大约80种加拉帕戈斯特有的Naesiotus属陆生蜗牛物种及其大陆亲属的多种环境因素的变化。将重建该谱系的物种水平系统发育史，以确定导致加拉帕戈斯Naesiotus蜗牛多样性的独立殖民事件的数量，并将表型-环境关联分析置于遗传学信息框架中。然后，这些数据将用于解决与多种选择压力的影响有关的假设（即，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Land Snail Oreohelix idahoensis

爱达荷州蜗牛 Oreohelix 的线粒体基因组序列

• DOI: 10.1128/mra.01693-18
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Microbiology Resource Announcements
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Linscott, T. Mason;Parent, Christine E.;Rokas, Antonis
• 通讯作者: Rokas, Antonis

Assessing species number and genetic diversity of the Mountainsnails (Oreohelicidae)

• DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01302-5
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: Conservation Genetics
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: T. Linscott;K. Weaver;Vanessa C. Morales;Christine E. Parent

Snailed It! Inside the Shell: Using Augmented Reality as a Window Into Biodiversity

蜗牛它！

• DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2022.933436
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Education
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Merino, Cristian;Iturbe-Sarunic, Catalina;Miller, Brant G.;Parent, Christine E.;Phillips, John G.;Pino, Sonia;Garrido, José Miguel;Arenas, Andoni;Zamora, Juan
• 通讯作者: Zamora, Juan

Teaching an Old Shell New Tricks: Extracting DNA from Current, Historical, and Ancient Mollusk Shells

• DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa164
• 发表时间: 2021-01-20
• 期刊: BIOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 10.1
• 作者: Martin，Kelly R.;Waits，Lisette P.;Parent，Christine E.
• 通讯作者: Parent，Christine E.

Archipelago-Wide Patterns of Colonization and Speciation Among an Endemic Radiation of Galápagos Land Snails

加拉帕戈斯陆地蜗牛地方性辐射中全群岛的定殖和物种形成模式

• DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz068
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Heredity
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Phillips, John G;Linscott, T Mason;Rankin, Andrew M;Kraemer, Andrew C;Shoobs, Nathaniel F;Parent, Christine E;Gillespie, Rosemary
• 通讯作者: Gillespie, Rosemary