Collaborative Research: Unlocking the evolutionary history of Schiedea (carnation family, Caryophyllaceae): rapid radiation of an endemic plant genus in the Hawaiian Islands

植物表现出多样化的育种策略，但导致这种多样性的遗传变化和环境条件却知之甚少。精确定位这些基因突变并了解有利于育种系统变化的环境条件对进化生物学家和植物育种家都具有极大的兴趣。植物属Schiedea（康乃馨科，石竹科）仅在夏威夷群岛发现，是更好地理解植物育种策略进化的模型。在32种Schiedea中，有些只与同种的其他个体交配，有些只自花受精，还有一些仍然是两者之间的过渡。此外，不同的远系繁殖物种使用不同的授粉者，包括最近发现的一种只在夏威夷发现的蛾。该项目将应用最先进的DNA测序和分析方法来重建Scheidea的谱系，并调查该群体内植物育种策略的演变。该项目的数据将为植物育种策略的演变提供新的见解，这些策略可应用于康乃馨家族的作物物种，包括阿马兰斯、大黄、藜麦和菠菜。该项目包括在多个层次的教育和培训的广泛机会，包括高中教师，本科生和研究生，以及博士后研究员。该项目将制作有关夏威夷植物的教育视频，张贴在互联网上，以告知公众。研究人员还将举办关于Schiedea的公开研讨会，重点介绍他们对该群体的研究成果。该项目的主要目的是通过野外、实验室和基因组研究的综合计划，重建Schiedea（嘉鱼科）育种系统进化的模式。核基因组测序，有针对性的序列捕获，基因分型测序（GBS）的方法将被用来重建一个高分辨率的系统发育树的Schiedea，确定系统发育冲突的来源，并调查模式的类群之间的基因渗入。发展的系统发育假说将被用来解释育种系统的演变，包括从雌雄同体到雌雄异株的过渡，从生物到非生物授粉的转变，以及与授粉生物学（包括气味和花蜜生产）相关的性状。田间研究和密集分布的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记GBS产生的将被用来测试假设生殖系统对基因流，杂交和人口遗传结构的影响。在这个项目中获得的数据将直接应用于夏威夷的土地管理，包括建立不同Schiedea物种的野生种群。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Plants exhibit a diverse array of breeding strategies, but the genetic changes and environmental conditions that lead to this diversity are poorly known. Pinpointing these genetic mutations and understanding the environmental conditions that favor changes in breeding system are of great interest to both evolutionary biologists and plant breeders. The plant genus Schiedea (carnation family, Caryophyllaceae) is only found on the Hawaiian Islands and is a model to better understand the evolution of breeding strategies in plants. Among the 32 species of Schiedea, some only breed with other individuals of the same species, others only self-fertilize, and others still are transitional between the two. Additionally, different outbreeding species of Schiedea use different pollinators, including a recently discovered moth found only in Hawaii. This project will apply cutting-edge DNA sequencing and analysis methods to reconstruct the genealogy of Scheidea and investigate the evolution of plant breeding strategies within the group. Data from this project will provide new insights into the evolution of plant breeding strategies that could be applied to crop species in the carnation family, including amaranth, rhubarb, quinoa and spinach. The project incorporates extensive opportunities for education and training at multiple levels, including high school teachers, undergraduate and graduate students, and a postdoctoral researcher. The project will produce educational videos about Hawaiian plants for posting on the internet to inform the public. Researchers will also offer public seminars about Schiedea highlighting their research findings about the group.The primary aim of this project is to reconstruct the pattern of breeding system evolution in Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) through an integrated program of field, laboratory, and genomic studies. Nuclear genome sequencing, targeted sequence capture, and Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) methods will be used to reconstruct a highly resolved phylogenetic tree of Schiedea, identify sources of phylogenetic conflict, and investigate patterns of introgression among taxa. The phylogenetic hypotheses developed will be used to interpret the evolution of breeding systems including transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy, shifts from biotic to abiotic pollination, and traits associated with pollination biology (including scent and nectar production). Field studies and densely distributed Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) markers generated by GBS will be used to test hypotheses concerning the influence of reproductive systems on gene flow, hybridization, and population genetic structure. Data obtained during this project will be applied directly to land management in Hawaii, including the establishment of wild populations of different Schiedea species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.