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Does the magnitude of wildlife subsidies influence production, stability, and trophic cascades in a large African river?

野生动物补贴的大小是否会影响非洲大河流的生产、稳定性和营养级联？

基本信息

批准号：
1753727
负责人：
David Post
金额：
$ 74.33万
依托单位：
Yale University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-06-01 至 2023-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1753727&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Does magnitude wildlife subsidies influence

项目摘要

This project will address food web structure and dynamics in the Mara River, a trans-boundary river that provides water for the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem, nearly one million rural poor, and 5% of the river flow into Lake Victoria and the Nile Basin. The Mara River is the only permanent source of water for wildlife and is therefore considered the 'life blood' of the Serengeti. This proposal focuses on the effects of nutrient addition to the river ecosystem from natural and exceedingly large inputs of nutrients from hippopotamus and wildebeest. The key question is how do large and irregularly timed nutrient inputs affect the way river ecosystems function? This project will conduct a series of experiments in the Mara river system to address this question. Results of this project will produce estimates of the distribution and abundance of hippos, and the location and magnitude of wildebeest drowning events that will provide important information for the management of hippos and wildebeest in the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem. Hippos and wildebeest are extremely important to the tourism economy of Kenya and Tanzania and are species of considerable conservation concern. A collaboration with the National Museums of Kenya will provide important data on the diversity and biomass of insects and fish in the Mara River. This project will train a postdoctoral associate, a graduate student, and multiple undergraduate students, and broaden participation of under-represented groups in science by involving underrepresented minority undergraduate students in summer research. This project will also provide field-based short courses in Kenya for US students. Finally, results from this research will be shared with global audiences through web-based outreach initiatives using real-time discharge data, live photo streams from the field, and Twitter and blog updates.The movement of energy, materials, and organisms across ecosystem boundaries is a common feature of many landscapes. These spatial subsidies have strong but variable effects on communities and ecosystems. The magnitude of spatial subsidies may be one of the most important drivers of the variability in community and ecosystem level effects. Theory suggests that low levels of inputs stabilize food webs and increase community persistence, particularly when complementing patterns of local productivity, and high levels of inputs decrease food web stability and increase the strength of trophic cascades. Very little empirical research has addressed the impacts of the magnitude of subsidies, raising the central question of this proposal: how does the magnitude of subsidies influence community and ecosystem processes? The Mara River sustains the largest remaining overland migration of around 1.2 million wildebeest and a population of over 4,000 hippopotamus (hippos). Hippos, through excretion and egestion during daily feeding migrations, and wildebeest, through carcass inputs during mass drownings, create a natural gradient of increasing subsidy inputs from upstream to downstream in the Mara River. This project utilizes basin-wide comparisons, in situ comparative experiments, and small-scale artificial stream experiments to test how the magnitude of spatial subsidies influences primary and secondary production, the strength of trophic cascades, and food web stability.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将研究马拉河的食物网络结构和动态，这是一条跨界河流，为塞伦盖蒂-马拉生态系统提供水，近100万农村贫困人口，以及流入维多利亚湖和尼罗河流域的河流的5%。马拉河是野生动物唯一的永久水源，因此被认为是塞伦盖蒂人的“生命之血”。这项建议侧重于河马和角马从天然和超大数量的营养输入中添加营养物质对河流生态系统的影响。关键问题是，大量和不定期的营养投入如何影响河流生态系统的运行方式？该项目将在马拉河系统中进行一系列实验，以解决这一问题。该项目的结果将对河马的分布和丰度以及角马溺水事件的位置和规模进行估计，这将为塞伦盖蒂-马拉生态系统中河马和角马的管理提供重要信息。河马和角马对肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的旅游经济极其重要，是相当受保护的物种。与肯尼亚国家博物馆的合作将提供有关马拉河昆虫和鱼类的多样性和生物量的重要数据。该项目将培养一名博士后助理、一名研究生和多名本科生，并通过让未被代表的少数民族本科生参与暑期研究来扩大未被代表的群体在科学领域的参与。该项目还将在肯尼亚为美国学生提供实地短期课程。最后，这项研究的结果将通过基于网络的推广计划与全球观众分享，使用实时流量数据、现场实时照片流以及Twitter和博客更新。能量、材料和生物跨越生态系统边界的移动是许多景观的共同特征。这些空间补贴对社区和生态系统有强烈但不同的影响。空间补贴的大小可能是社区和生态系统一级影响变化的最重要驱动因素之一。理论表明，低水平的投入稳定了食物网，增加了群落的持久性，特别是在补充当地生产力模式的情况下，而高水平的投入降低了食物网的稳定性，增加了营养级联的强度。很少有实证研究涉及补贴规模的影响，这提出了这一提议的核心问题：补贴规模如何影响社区和生态系统进程？马拉河是现存规模最大的陆路迁徙，约有120万头角马和4000多头河马(河马)。河马在每日觅食迁徙期间通过排泄和排泄，角马在大规模溺水期间通过身体输入，在马拉河创造了从上游到下游不断增加补贴投入的自然梯度。该项目利用流域范围的比较、现场比较实验和小型人工溪流实验来测试空间补贴的大小如何影响初级和次级生产、营养级联的强度和食物网的稳定性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（16）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

新热带外来哺乳动物：新热带地区外来哺乳动物的出现和丰度的数据集

DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3115
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Ecology
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Rosa, Clarissa Alves;Ribeiro, Bruno R.;Bejarano, Vanesa;Puertas, Fernando Henrique;Bocchiglieri, Adriana;Barbosa, Adriana Loeser;Chiarello, Adriano Garcia;Paglia, Adriano Pereira;Pereira, Adriele Aparecida;Moreira, Adryelle Francisca
通讯作者：
Moreira, Adryelle Francisca

Potential ecological and socio-economic effects of a novel megaherbivore introduction: the hippopotamus in Colombia

一种新型巨型食草动物的潜在生态和社会经济影响：哥伦比亚的河马

DOI：
10.1017/s0030605318001588
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Oryx
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Subalusky, Amanda L.;Anderson, Elizabeth P.;Jiménez, Germán;Post, David M.;Lopez, David Echeverri;García-R., Sebastián;Nova León, Laura J.;Reátiga Parrish, Juan F.;Rojas, Ana;Solari, Sergio
通讯作者：
Solari, Sergio

Organic matter and nutrient inputs from large wildlife influence ecosystem function in the Mara River, Africa

大型野生动物的有机物和养分输入影响非洲马拉河的生态系统功能

DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2509
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Ecology
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Subalusky, Amanda L.;Dutton, Christopher L.;Njoroge, Laban;Rosi, Emma J.;Post, David M.
通讯作者：
Post, David M.

Context dependency of animal resource subsidies

动物资源补贴的背景依赖性

DOI：
10.1111/brv.12465
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Biological Reviews
影响因子：
10
作者：
Subalusky, Amanda L.;Post, David M.
通讯作者：
Post, David M.

Alternative Biogeochemical States of River Pools Mediated by Hippo Use and Flow Variability

DOI：
10.1007/s10021-020-00518-3
发表时间：
2020-06-08
期刊：
ECOSYSTEMS
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Dutton, Christopher L.;Subalusky, Amanda L.;Post, David M.
通讯作者：
Post, David M.

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David Post其他文献

Activation of ventrolateral somatosensory cortex for tactile pattern discrimination using MEG

DOI：
10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91618-5
发表时间：
2000-05-01
期刊：
Conference abstract
影响因子：
作者：
Catherine L. Reed;Eric Halgren;R.H. Dhond;David Post;Kim Paulson;Eric Halgren
通讯作者：
Eric Halgren