Collaborative Research: Elucidating the chemical plasticity of fine roots in response to soil heterogeneities and developing a better parameter to forecast fine root decomposition

合作研究：阐明细根对土壤异质性的化学可塑性，并开发更好的参数来预测细根分解

• 批准号: 1754679
• 负责人: Nishanth Tharayil
• 金额: $ 55.8万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Elucidating; chemical; plasticity

Plants adapt to their soil environment through changes in patterns of root growth and chemical composition, which influence how plants take up nutrients and water. Poor understanding of how roots respond to stress is an obstacle to understanding plant responses to environmental change. In addition, how quickly roots decompose affects how nutrients are recycled from dead root tissues, which can further influence plant growth. However, current models of root decomposition are based on what is known about the breakdown of aboveground parts of plants, like leaves and stems. Furthermore, little is known about how root chemistry varies with local soil conditions which limits understanding of how plants respond to nutrient poor soils, or how this in turn influences soil nutrient recycling. This research will study how soil conditions and microbes influence root chemistry of important forest tree species in eastern North America. Results of this research will also improve models of root decomposition by incorporating root chemical composition. This project will also provide several benefits to society. It will create workshops for high school students and a summer course and curriculum development materials for K-12 teachers. It will also provide training for undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher.Fine roots (less than 2mm diameter) have a disproportionately large influence on plant adaptation and key ecosystem processes, yet they remain one of the least understood components of Terrestrial Biosphere Models. Commonly used parameters, such as element ratios, that predict decomposition of aboveground tissues fail to adequately predict the decomposition of fine roots. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that this disconnect is due to the unique chemical construction of roots, which is shaped by their immediate biotic and abiotic soil environments. The PIs propose to investigate the chemical plasticity in fine roots of different tree species developed under different soil resource availabilities and associations with different species of mycorrhizal fungi. The PIs will link observed chemical plasticity to decomposition dynamics of fine roots using decomposition experiments and by utilizing advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques. The PIs propose to develop parameters that incorporate root chemistry to improve predictions of fine-root decomposition. The proposed project would be one of the first attempts to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level chemical profile of fine-roots that facilitate plant stress adaptation, and to develop robust parameters to predict fine-root decomposition and soil organic matter formation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物通过改变根系生长模式和化学成分来适应土壤环境，从而影响植物吸收养分和水分的方式。对根系如何应对胁迫的认识不足是理解植物对环境变化反应的障碍。此外，根系分解的速度会影响营养物质从死根组织中回收的方式，这会进一步影响植物的生长。然而，目前的根系分解模型是基于已知的植物地上部分的分解，如叶和茎。此外，人们对根系化学如何随当地土壤条件而变化知之甚少，这限制了人们对植物如何应对养分贫瘠土壤的理解，或者这反过来又如何影响土壤养分循环。这项研究将研究土壤条件和微生物如何影响北美东部重要森林树种的根系化学。本研究的结果也将改善根系分解模型纳入根化学成分。该项目还将为社会带来一些好处。它将为高中生开设讲习班，为K-12教师开设暑期课程和课程开发材料。它还将为本科生、研究生和一名博士后研究员提供培训。细根（直径小于2毫米）对植物适应和关键生态系统过程有着不成比例的巨大影响，但它们仍然是陆地生物圈模型中最不为人所知的组成部分之一。常用的参数，如元素比，预测地上组织的分解不能充分预测细根的分解。该提议的中心假设是，这种脱节是由于根部独特的化学结构造成的，而这种化学结构是由其直接的生物和非生物土壤环境塑造的。PI建议调查不同树种细根的化学可塑性，在不同的土壤资源有效性和协会与不同种类的菌根真菌。PI将使用分解实验并利用先进的成像和光谱技术将观察到的化学可塑性与细根的分解动力学联系起来。PI建议开发参数，将根化学，以提高细根分解的预测。拟议的项目将是全面了解促进植物适应逆境的细根的分子水平化学概况的首批尝试之一，并开发可靠的参数来预测精细的该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.

项目成果

Common and lifestyle‐specific traits of mycorrhizal root metabolome reflect ecological strategies of plant–mycorrhizal interactions

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.14049
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Journal of Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Mengxue Xia;V. Suseela;M. L. McCormack;P. Kennedy;N. Tharayil

Root and Rhizosphere Processes under Drought: Digging Deeper to Enhance Ecosystem Resilience

干旱下的根和根际过程：深入挖掘以增强生态系统的恢复力

• DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1970
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
• 作者: Suseela, Vidya;Williams, Alex;Gao, Cheng;Schneider, Hannah;Zhang, Ziliang
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Ziliang