Collaborative Research: Elucidating the chemical plasticity of fine roots in response to soil heterogeneities and developing a better parameter to forecast fine root decomposition

合作研究：阐明细根对土壤异质性的化学可塑性，并开发更好的参数来预测细根分解

基本信息

批准号：
1754679
负责人：
Nishanth Tharayil
金额：
$ 55.8万
依托单位：
Clemson University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-04-01 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754679&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Elucidating chemical plasticity

项目摘要

Plants adapt to their soil environment through changes in patterns of root growth and chemical composition, which influence how plants take up nutrients and water. Poor understanding of how roots respond to stress is an obstacle to understanding plant responses to environmental change. In addition, how quickly roots decompose affects how nutrients are recycled from dead root tissues, which can further influence plant growth. However, current models of root decomposition are based on what is known about the breakdown of aboveground parts of plants, like leaves and stems. Furthermore, little is known about how root chemistry varies with local soil conditions which limits understanding of how plants respond to nutrient poor soils, or how this in turn influences soil nutrient recycling. This research will study how soil conditions and microbes influence root chemistry of important forest tree species in eastern North America. Results of this research will also improve models of root decomposition by incorporating root chemical composition. This project will also provide several benefits to society. It will create workshops for high school students and a summer course and curriculum development materials for K-12 teachers. It will also provide training for undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher.Fine roots (less than 2mm diameter) have a disproportionately large influence on plant adaptation and key ecosystem processes, yet they remain one of the least understood components of Terrestrial Biosphere Models. Commonly used parameters, such as element ratios, that predict decomposition of aboveground tissues fail to adequately predict the decomposition of fine roots. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that this disconnect is due to the unique chemical construction of roots, which is shaped by their immediate biotic and abiotic soil environments. The PIs propose to investigate the chemical plasticity in fine roots of different tree species developed under different soil resource availabilities and associations with different species of mycorrhizal fungi. The PIs will link observed chemical plasticity to decomposition dynamics of fine roots using decomposition experiments and by utilizing advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques. The PIs propose to develop parameters that incorporate root chemistry to improve predictions of fine-root decomposition. The proposed project would be one of the first attempts to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level chemical profile of fine-roots that facilitate plant stress adaptation, and to develop robust parameters to predict fine-root decomposition and soil organic matter formation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物通过改变根部生长和化学成分的模式来适应其土壤环境，从而影响植物占用养分和水的方式。对根部对压力的反应方式的理解不足是理解植物对环境变化的反应的障碍。此外，根部分解的速度如何影响从死根组织中回收营养，这会进一步影响植物的生长。但是，目前的根分解模型基于对植物（如叶子和茎）的地上部分的崩溃的了解。此外，关于根化学如何随局部土壤条件而变化，这限制了对植物如何反应养分贫困土壤的反应，或者这又如何影响土壤养分回收利用。这项研究将研究土壤状况和微生物如何影响北美东部重要森林树种的根化学。这项研究的结果还将通过结合根化学成分来改善根部分解模型。该项目还将为社会带来一些好处。它将为高中生创建研讨会，并为K-12老师的夏季课程和课程开发材料。它还将为本科生，研究生和博士后研究人员提供培训。精细根（直径小于2mm）对植物适应和关键生态系统过程的影响不成比例，但它们仍然是陆地生物圈模型的最不理理解的组成部分之一。常用的参数（例如元素比率）预测地上组织的分解无法充分预测细根的分解。该提议的中心假设是，这种断开是由于根的独特化学结构，这是由它们的直接生物和非生物土壤环境所塑造的。 PI提议研究在不同土壤资源可用性和与不同种类的菌根真菌的相关性下开发的不同树种的细根中的化学可塑性。 PI将使用分解实验并利用先进的成像和光谱技术将观察到的化学可塑性与细根的分解动力学联系起来。 PI提出开发参数，结合根化学以改善细根分解的预测。拟议的项目将是对促进植物压力适应的细根的分子化学素材进行全面理解的首次尝试之一，并开发出强大的参数以预测细根分解和土壤有机物形成。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估范围的范围来反映出支持者的知识范围，并众所周知，该奖项的范围众所周知。