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Collaborative Research: The role of gut microbiota in supplying amino acids to their mammalian hosts

合作研究：肠道微生物群在向哺乳动物宿主提供氨基酸方面的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1755402
负责人：
Seth Newsome
金额：
$ 52.96万
依托单位：
University of New Mexico
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1755402&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research role gut microbiota

项目摘要

Microbes living in digestive tracks are now recognized as important contributors to the health and fitness of animals. Within a single host, thousands of different microbial species form symbiotic communities influenced by many factors, including host diet. These communities often metabolize compounds that their hosts cannot, and likely supply essential compounds needed for growth and reproduction, particularly for organisms that experience protein limitation. To date, the role the gut microbiome plays in the protein metabolism of its hosts has not been systematically explored. This project will combine studies of the building blocks of proteins (amino acids), stable isotope techniques, and next generation DNA sequencing to answer two questions. First, how does gut microbiome contribute to the building and maintenance of tissues by its hosts? And second, which microbial species are most important in the gut? In addition, a series of controlled feeding experiments where the diet will be systematically varied will also determine the role that the gut microboime plays in the relationship between hosts and the resources they consume. This work will provide many opportunities for training STEM students through hands-on experiences. These experiences are important for young scientists as they gain confidence and nurture identities as independent researchers. University of New Mexico and University of California at Riverside are both minority-majority universities and certified Hispanic Serving Institutions. The research group will also host two workshops to discuss how animal and microbial ecologists can work together to study interactions between gut microbes and their host organisms.Gut microbiota are integral components contributing to the health and fitness of animals. Animal ecologists and eco-physiologists are discovering the many positive and negative roles microbes play in contributing to their hosts. Within a single host, thousands of different microbial species form symbiotic communities influenced by many factors, including host diet. These communities often metabolize compounds that their host species cannot, and likely supply essential compounds needed for homeostasis and reproduction, particularly for organisms that experience seasonal diet stress or protein limitation. This project will combine studies of amino acids using stable isotope techniques coupled with next generation genetic sequencing to (1) identify and potentially quantify, the degree to which the gut microbiome contributes to protein budgets and the building and maintenance of tissues by its hosts, and (2) characterize which microbial taxa are most closely associated with digestive metabolisms in the gut, in which amino acids are used subsequently by the host to synthesize tissues. These topics will be addressed through a series of controlled feeding experiments on deer mice where the proportion and isotopic compositions of dietary macromolecules and individual compounds will be systematically varied. The study will produce a more thorough understanding of the role that the gut microboime plays in influencing natural isotope tracers, a tool for quantifying diet composition and trophic level of wild animals. The research group will also host two workshops to discuss how animal and microbial ecologists can combine genetic and isotopic data to study biochemical interactions between gut microbes and their host organisms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生活在消化道中的微生物现在被认为是动物健康和健身的重要贡献者。在一个单一的宿主中，成千上万种不同的微生物物种形成共生群落，受到许多因素的影响，包括宿主饮食。这些群落通常代谢其宿主不能代谢的化合物，并可能提供生长和繁殖所需的必需化合物，特别是对于经历蛋白质限制的生物体。迄今为止，肠道微生物组在宿主蛋白质代谢中的作用尚未得到系统的研究。该项目将结合蛋白质（氨基酸）的构建模块、稳定同位素技术和下一代DNA测序的联合收割机研究来回答两个问题。首先，肠道微生物组如何促进宿主组织的构建和维护？第二，哪些微生物种类在肠道中最重要？此外，一系列控制喂养实验，其中饮食将系统地变化，也将确定肠道微生物在宿主与其消耗的资源之间的关系中所起的作用。这项工作将通过实践经验为培训STEM学生提供许多机会。这些经验对年轻科学家很重要，因为他们获得了自信，并培养了独立研究人员的身份。新墨西哥州大学和加州大学滨江分校都是少数民族占多数的大学和认证的西班牙裔服务机构。研究小组还将举办两个研讨会，讨论动物和微生物生态学家如何共同研究肠道微生物与其宿主生物之间的相互作用。肠道微生物群是促进动物健康和健身的组成部分。动物生态学家和生态生理学家正在发现微生物在对宿主的贡献中所起的许多积极和消极作用。在一个单一的宿主中，成千上万种不同的微生物物种形成共生群落，受到许多因素的影响，包括宿主饮食。这些群落通常代谢其宿主物种不能代谢的化合物，并可能提供稳态和繁殖所需的必需化合物，特别是对于经历季节性饮食压力或蛋白质限制的生物体。该项目将联合收割机结合使用稳定同位素技术与下一代基因测序的氨基酸研究，以（1）确定并可能量化肠道微生物组对蛋白质预算及其宿主组织的构建和维持的程度，以及（2）表征哪些微生物类群与肠道中的消化代谢最密切相关，其中氨基酸随后被宿主用来合成组织。这些主题将通过一系列的控制喂养实验鹿小鼠的比例和同位素组成的饮食大分子和个别化合物将系统地变化。该研究将更深入地了解肠道微生物在影响天然同位素示踪剂方面的作用，天然同位素示踪剂是量化野生动物饮食组成和营养水平的工具。该研究小组还将举办两个研讨会，讨论动物和微生物生态学家如何将联合收割机遗传和同位素数据结合起来，研究肠道微生物及其宿主生物之间的生化相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。