Doctoral Dissertation Research: International Constraints and Informal Trade Networks

博士论文研究：国际约束和非正式贸易网络

• 批准号: 1756650
• 负责人: Thomas Wilson
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756650&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; International; Constraints

The term informal (or grey) economy refers to businesses, economic activities, and workers that are not government regulated and are not captured in measures of national GDP or GNP. Even so, the informal economy is known to comprise a significant part of world economic activity: the International Labor Organization estimates that globally, it employs over half of the world's labor force. The research supported by this award takes a multidimensional approach to the question of how informality plays out in an increasingly globalized economic environment. The focus is on the nexus of three inter-related dynamics: vernacular economic practices, state surveillance, and the effects of global forces. The research is important because informal economic activities are increasingly felt beyond the local level and can produce significant unintended effects on the outcomes of international economic regulatory policies and practices.The research will be conducted by State University of New York, Binghamton, anthropology doctoral student, Ehsan Lor Afshar, with the oversight of Dr. Thomas M. Wilson. The researcher will engage in research in a region divided by the international borders that have been central to major informal cross-border trade networks. Examining how these networks interact with global regulation, such as the international framework for Anti Money Laundering and Counter Financing Terrorism and regional economic sanctions, will provide a revealing case study of the potentials for such programs and policies to be efficacious, reconfigured, or transformed at the local level. The researcher will collect data through a mix of anthropological methods: (1) participant observation in a major wholesale market's everyday life, with a focus on three divergent types of merchandise (foodstuffs, cloth goods, and electronics); (2) surveys of a merchant sample; (3) semi-structured interviews with merchant association leaders, other NGOs, government officials, and a sub-sample of merchants; (4) focus groups of merchants and community leaders; and (5) archival research. The research will advance social scientific understanding of how global financial regulations and sanctions interact with local unregulated or semi-regulated economic practices. Research findings will be helpful for state officials and global organizations by clarifying the picture of the effects of transnational policies on the ground.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非正规经济（或灰色经济）一词是指不受政府管制的企业、经济活动和工人，也不包括在国民生产总值或国民生产总值的衡量标准中。即便如此，非正规经济也是世界经济活动的重要组成部分：国际劳工组织估计，在全球范围内，非正规经济雇用了世界一半以上的劳动力。该奖项支持的研究采取了多层面的方法来解决非正式性在日益全球化的经济环境中如何发挥作用的问题。重点是三个相互关联的动态：本土经济实践，国家监督和全球力量的影响的关系。 这项研究之所以重要，是因为非正规经济活动越来越多地超越地方层面，并可能对国际经济监管政策和做法的结果产生重大的意外影响。这项研究将由纽约州立大学宾汉姆顿分校人类学博士生Ehsan Lor Afshar进行，由托马斯M.威尔逊研究人员将在一个由国际边界划分的区域进行研究，这些边界是主要非正式跨境贸易网络的核心。研究这些网络如何与全球监管互动，如反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义的国际框架和区域经济制裁，将提供一个具有启发性的案例研究，这些方案和政策的潜力是有效的，重新配置，或在地方一级的转变。 研究者将透过人类学的混合方法收集资料：（1）在一个主要批发市场的日常生活中进行参与观察，重点关注三种不同类型的商品（2）对商人样本的调查;（3）对商人协会领导人、其他非政府组织、政府官员和商人子样本的半结构化访谈;（4）商人和社区领袖的焦点小组;（5）档案研究。这项研究将促进对全球金融监管和制裁如何与当地不受监管或半受监管的经济做法相互作用的社会科学理解。研究结果将有助于国家官员和全球组织澄清跨国政策在当地的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。