The middle Latène wooden bridge and settlement near Kirchhain-Niederwald (Hessen) and their place in the settlement landscape of the Amöneburger Basin: Interdisciplinary research into environmental conditions, economic basis and supra-regional connections

Kirchhain-Niederwald（黑森州）附近的中拉特纳木桥和聚落及其在阿默讷堡盆地聚落景观中的地位：环境条件、经济基础和跨区域联系的跨学科研究

• 批准号: 232500278
• 负责人: Dr. Christa Meiborg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Rom
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/232500278?language=en
• 关键词: middle; Lat; ne; wooden; bridge

The find spots in the vicinity of the unique Middle Latène-period pile bridge near Kirchhain-Niederwald were the starting point for research on the bridge structure as well as settlement structure, environmental conditions, the economic basis and supra-regional contacts in the Middle Latène period in the Hessian highlands, about which little was known. Thanks to the application of interdisciplinary methods important results could be obtained. - It was possible to reconstruct the bridge in detail. Different types of pile construction were used, suggesting that they were adapted to the varying character of the river bed. - During the archaeological evaluation it was possible to prove that the river crossing had several phases as a result of direct reaction to changing local conditions. - Geomorphological analysis facilitated the reconstruction of the Iron Age river course and the topographical relief. - For the first time pollen analyses provide information on vegetation and land use in the Amoeneburg Basin during the last millennium BC. - The analysis of animal excrement provided first insights into the nutrition of farm animals and evidence for an early pastoral farming in Iron Age Europe. - For the first time in the area of the highlands could the analysis of botanical macro-remains from features in wet soils contribute to research on agriculture and plant use. - Settlement analysis resulted in better dating of more than one third of all Iron Age findspots in the Amoeneburg Basin, and thus to a finer-grained picture of settlement development. - GIS-based modelling of potential lines of communication added a number of routes to the existing reconstruction of old routes that fit in well with the settlement picture. While the scientific analysis of the development of vegetation and landscape include results for the Urnfield period, evidence for anthropogene interventions can only be provided for the following period. Settlement activity in the vicinity of the findspot started during the Hallstatt period, and continued until the end of the Middle Latène period. As a result, during the analysis an extremely extensive set of data and results was produced that goes beyond the focus of the Middle Latène period. We would like to use archaeological and scientific methods to evaluate this dataset in order to render visible the development of the pattern of settlement and landscape within the last millennium BC. Against the background of the history of the development of the landscape, the relationships between settlement patterns and potential routes in the Amoeneburg Basin will be examined in greater chronological depth and visualised in the form of maps of settlement patterns and communication routes. We would like to present the results from the environs of the site of the bridge in vegetation and land use maps.

在Kirchhain-Niederwald附近独特的中晚期桩桥附近的发现点是研究黑森高地中晚期桥梁结构以及沉降结构、环境条件、经济基础和超区域联系的起点，对此知之甚少。由于采用了跨学科的方法，可以取得重要成果。- 这座桥的细节可以重建。不同类型的桩施工，这表明他们是适应河床的变化特性。- 在考古评估过程中，有可能证明，渡河有几个阶段，是对当地条件变化的直接反应。- 地貌分析促进了铁器时代河道和地形起伏的重建。- 花粉分析首次提供了公元前上个千年Amoeneburg盆地植被和土地利用的信息。- 对动物粪便的分析首次揭示了农场动物的营养，并为铁器时代欧洲的早期畜牧业提供了证据。- 这是第一次在高地地区分析潮湿土壤中植物的宏观残留物，有助于农业和植物利用的研究。- 沉降分析导致在Amoeneburg盆地超过三分之一的所有铁器时代findspots更好的定年，从而到一个更细粒度的图片解决发展。- 利用地理信息系统对可能的交通线进行建模，在现有的旧路线重建基础上增加了一些路线，这些路线非常符合定居点的情况。虽然对植被和景观发展的科学分析包括了瓮田时期的结果，但只有在接下来的时期才能提供证据证明生物的干预。发现点附近的定居活动始于哈尔施塔特时期，并一直持续到中拉丁时期结束。因此，在分析过程中产生了一套非常广泛的数据和结果，超出了中拉丁时期的重点。我们希望使用考古学和科学方法来评估这一数据集，以使公元前最后一个千年内的定居和景观模式的发展可见。在景观发展历史的背景下，将以更大的时间深度研究Amoeneburg盆地的定居模式和潜在路线之间的关系，并以定居模式和通信路线地图的形式可视化。我们想在植被和土地利用图中展示桥址周围的结果。