RAPID: Preservation of 3D Damage Data for Reality-Capture-Enhanced Modeling of Engineered Steel Structures on the Texas Coast Subjected to 2017 Hurricane Harvey

飓风哈维于2017年8月25日在德克萨斯州罗克波特附近登陆，这是近十年来袭击美国的第一个主要飓风，并对该地区的钢结构和冷弯型钢建筑造成了实质性的风力破坏。这项快速反应研究拨款(RAPID)将使用西德克萨斯农工大学(WTAMU)的激光扫描仪和数码相机，最近通过NSF重大研究仪器拨款获得，以捕捉和保存在这次飓风中在罗克波特地区受损的钢结构建筑的数字3D模型。这些建筑模型将通过美国国家科学基金会支持的自然灾害工程研究基础设施数据库(https://www.designsafe-ci.org))与其他研究人员共享，以更好地了解钢结构在强风作用下的行为，并为抗飓风建筑提出新的设计方法和缓解技术。在这项快速研究中，相对较新的WTAMU工程项目将获得一个重要的飓风损害数据集，该数据集可以为教师与其他学术机构的研究合作定位。这项研究还将为本科生提供深入研究课题的途径，与其他研究机构的合作将为本科生继续研究生教育提供机会和鼓励。该项目将收集和归档受飓风哈维在罗克波特地区产生的风影响的工程(工业)钢和冷弯型钢建筑的损坏数据。这类建筑的加载路径相对简单，这使它们成为早期探索“真实捕捉增强”建模技术的理想之选。虽然建筑物的设计具有一定的最低强度和抵抗某些最小风速，但建筑物的强度通常超过其预期的设计强度。通常情况下，除非这些建筑物被已知风速破坏，否则无法确切知道这些建筑物有多大的“储备”强度(以及造成破坏所需的风速)。由于飓风哈维的大致登陆位置是提前预测的，风力科学家和工程师能够在风暴路径上放置专门的设备来测量风速。因此，现在可以获得受飓风哈维的强风影响的整个地区的风速记录，研究人员能够将各种类型的建筑物损坏与风速联系起来。该项目将针对各种已知风速区域内的建筑物，这些风速显示出一系列破坏程度。研究小组将利用NOAA航空图像和谷歌图像来帮助选择要调查的建筑。该项目将使用高分辨率地面激光扫描设备(LiDAR)和数字单反相机获取图像，以便于创建数字摄影测量模型，从而获取钢结构建筑的易腐烂3D损坏数据。保存这些损坏数据可以方便地对钢和冷成型钢结构进行法医分析，以开发或验证易损性方法，能够评估美国飓风海岸沿线风设计条款的有效性，并可以突出未来研究的需求，以实现更具抗飓风能力的建筑。所获得的数据将能够比较激光雷达和摄影测量信息流-确定在特定情况下哪种选择可能是最佳的(例如，可用的设备、通道、人员和现场侦察时间)。与结构建模师的互动将提供关于数据捕获和调整的效用的反馈，这可能是未来法医研究所必需的。

Hurricane Harvey, the first major hurricane to strike the United States in nearly a decade, made landfall near Rockport, Texas, on August 25, 2017, and caused substantial wind damage to steel and cold-formed steel buildings in this area. This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will use the West Texas A&M University (WTAMU) laser scanner and digital cameras, recently acquired through an NSF Major Research Instrumentation grant, to capture and preserve digital 3D models of steel buildings damaged in the Rockport area during this hurricane. The building models will be shared with other researchers through the NSF-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Data Depot (https://www.designsafe-ci.org) to better understand the behavior of steel structures subjected to high winds and advance new design methodologies and mitigation techniques for hurricane-resilient buildings. In this RAPID study, the relatively new WTAMU engineering program will obtain a significant hurricane damage dataset that can position the faculty for research collaborations with other academic institutions. This study will also provide pathways for advanced research topics for undergraduate students, and collaborations with other research institutions will provide exposure and foster encouragement for undergraduate students to pursue graduate education. This project will collect and archive damage data for engineered (industrial) steel and cold-formed steel buildings affected by winds generated by Hurricane Harvey in the Rockport area. The relatively simple load paths of such buildings make them ideal for early exploration of "reality-capture-enhanced" modeling techniques. Although buildings are designed to have certain minimum strengths and to resist certain minimum wind speeds, buildings generally have strength above and beyond their intended design strengths. Often it is not known exactly how much "reserve" strength such buildings have (and what wind speeds are required to cause damage) unless they are damaged by winds of known speeds. Because Hurricane Harvey's approximate landfall location was predicted in advance, wind scientists and engineers were able to position specialized equipment in the path of the storm to measure the wind speeds. As a result, records of wind speeds throughout the area affected by the high winds of Hurricane Harvey are now available, and researchers are able to correlate various types of building damage with wind speeds. The project will target buildings within areas of various known wind speeds that exhibit a range of damage levels. The research team will utilize NOAA aerial imagery and Google imagery to assist with the selection of buildings to be investigated. The project will acquire perishable 3D damage data for steel buildings using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning equipment (LiDAR) as well as digital SLR cameras to acquire images to facilitate the creation of digital photogrammetry models. Preservation of these damage data can facilitate the forensic analysis of steel and cold-formed steel construction for the development or validation of fragility methods, can enable an evaluation of the effectiveness of wind design provisions along the U.S. hurricane coast, and can highlight needs for future research necessary to achieve more hurricane-resilient buildings. The acquired data will enable comparison of LiDAR and photogrammetry information streams - identifying which option may be optimal under specific circumstances (e.g., available equipment, access, personnel, and field reconnaissance time). Interaction with structural modelers will provide feedback regarding the utility of the data captures and adjustments that may be necessary for future forensic studies.