RAPID: Preservation of 3D Damage Data for Reality-Capture-Enhanced Modeling of Engineered Steel Structures on the Texas Coast Subjected to 2017 Hurricane Harvey

2017年8月25日，飓风哈维在德克萨斯州罗克波特附近登陆，这是近十年来袭击美国的第一次强飓风，给该地区的钢结构和冷弯型钢建筑造成了严重的风力破坏。这项快速响应研究（Rapid）拨款将使用西德克萨斯农工大学（WTAMU）激光扫描仪和数码相机，这些设备最近通过美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的主要研究仪器拨款获得，用于捕获和保存罗克波特地区在飓风中受损的钢结构建筑的数字3D模型。建筑模型将通过nsf支持的自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）数据仓库（https://www.designsafe-ci.org）与其他研究人员共享，以更好地了解钢结构在大风下的行为，并推进新的设计方法和飓风抵御建筑的缓解技术。在这项RAPID研究中，相对较新的WTAMU工程项目将获得一个重要的飓风损害数据集，可以定位教师与其他学术机构的研究合作。这项研究也将为本科生提供深入研究课题的途径，并与其他研究机构合作，为本科生追求研究生教育提供机会和鼓励。该项目将收集和存档罗克波特地区受哈维飓风影响的工程（工业）钢和冷弯型钢建筑的损坏数据。这种建筑相对简单的负载路径使它们成为早期探索“现实捕获增强”建模技术的理想选择。虽然建筑物被设计为具有一定的最小强度和抵抗一定的最小风速，但建筑物的强度通常高于或超过其预期的设计强度。通常，除非这些建筑被已知风速的风破坏，否则人们无法确切地知道这些建筑有多少“储备”强度（以及造成破坏所需的风速）。由于飓风哈维的大致登陆位置是提前预测的，风科学家和工程师能够在风暴的路径上放置专门的设备来测量风速。因此，受飓风哈维强风影响的整个地区的风速记录现在都可以获得，研究人员能够将各种类型的建筑物损坏与风速联系起来。该项目将针对不同已知风速区域内的建筑物，这些风速显示出一系列的破坏程度。研究小组将利用NOAA的航空图像和谷歌图像来协助选择要调查的建筑物。该项目将使用高分辨率地面激光扫描设备（LiDAR）和数码单反相机获取钢结构建筑物易腐烂的3D损伤数据，以获取图像，从而促进数字摄影测量模型的创建。保存这些损坏数据可以促进对钢和冷弯型钢结构的法医分析，以开发或验证易损性方法，可以评估美国飓风海岸风力设计规定的有效性，并可以突出未来研究的需求，以实现更多的飓风弹性建筑。获得的数据将使激光雷达和摄影测量信息流进行比较，确定在特定情况下（例如，可用的设备、通道、人员和现场侦察时间）哪种选择可能是最佳的。与结构建模者的互动将提供关于数据捕获和调整的效用的反馈，这可能是未来法医研究所必需的。

Hurricane Harvey, the first major hurricane to strike the United States in nearly a decade, made landfall near Rockport, Texas, on August 25, 2017, and caused substantial wind damage to steel and cold-formed steel buildings in this area. This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will use the West Texas A&M University (WTAMU) laser scanner and digital cameras, recently acquired through an NSF Major Research Instrumentation grant, to capture and preserve digital 3D models of steel buildings damaged in the Rockport area during this hurricane. The building models will be shared with other researchers through the NSF-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Data Depot (https://www.designsafe-ci.org) to better understand the behavior of steel structures subjected to high winds and advance new design methodologies and mitigation techniques for hurricane-resilient buildings. In this RAPID study, the relatively new WTAMU engineering program will obtain a significant hurricane damage dataset that can position the faculty for research collaborations with other academic institutions. This study will also provide pathways for advanced research topics for undergraduate students, and collaborations with other research institutions will provide exposure and foster encouragement for undergraduate students to pursue graduate education. This project will collect and archive damage data for engineered (industrial) steel and cold-formed steel buildings affected by winds generated by Hurricane Harvey in the Rockport area. The relatively simple load paths of such buildings make them ideal for early exploration of "reality-capture-enhanced" modeling techniques. Although buildings are designed to have certain minimum strengths and to resist certain minimum wind speeds, buildings generally have strength above and beyond their intended design strengths. Often it is not known exactly how much "reserve" strength such buildings have (and what wind speeds are required to cause damage) unless they are damaged by winds of known speeds. Because Hurricane Harvey's approximate landfall location was predicted in advance, wind scientists and engineers were able to position specialized equipment in the path of the storm to measure the wind speeds. As a result, records of wind speeds throughout the area affected by the high winds of Hurricane Harvey are now available, and researchers are able to correlate various types of building damage with wind speeds. The project will target buildings within areas of various known wind speeds that exhibit a range of damage levels. The research team will utilize NOAA aerial imagery and Google imagery to assist with the selection of buildings to be investigated. The project will acquire perishable 3D damage data for steel buildings using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning equipment (LiDAR) as well as digital SLR cameras to acquire images to facilitate the creation of digital photogrammetry models. Preservation of these damage data can facilitate the forensic analysis of steel and cold-formed steel construction for the development or validation of fragility methods, can enable an evaluation of the effectiveness of wind design provisions along the U.S. hurricane coast, and can highlight needs for future research necessary to achieve more hurricane-resilient buildings. The acquired data will enable comparison of LiDAR and photogrammetry information streams - identifying which option may be optimal under specific circumstances (e.g., available equipment, access, personnel, and field reconnaissance time). Interaction with structural modelers will provide feedback regarding the utility of the data captures and adjustments that may be necessary for future forensic studies.