RAPID: Public Perceptions of Success and Failure in the Governmental Response to Natural Disasters

RAPID：公众对政府应对自然灾害成功和失败的看法

• 批准号: 1760254
• 负责人: Saundra Schneider
• 金额: $ 17.85万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1760254&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Public; Perceptions; Success; Failure

This project examines the nature, sources and consequences of citizens' perceptions regarding the governmental response to Hurricane Harvey. Public opinion data, collected from an online survey at several points in time will be matched to government activity and media coverage during the same time periods. We will examine the degree to which the latter two factors, along with personal political predispositions, sociodemographic characteristics, and prior experience with disaster situations, influence mass beliefs about the effectiveness of governmental response operations. We will also determine whether citizens' feelings about the disaster response affect their broader orientations toward government and the political system. The findings from this study should benefit disaster training programs and help emergency management agencies develop stronger response systems. The public response to governmental efforts can have profound consequences for citizen evaluations of incumbent public officials. At the same time, the perceived effectiveness of the response can be a major factor in determining more general feelings about governmental performance. That, in turn, affects the ``leeway'' that is accorded to public officials in subsequent policy making. The distribution of mass responses to governmental disaster policies also affects the public itself. Perceptions of governmental effectiveness feed into the willingness to comply with future directives. Feelings of vulnerability to disasters are related to a sense of social connectedness or social capital. And, the issues associated with disaster response often divide along racial and ethnic lines. The proposed study will provide useful insights for dealing with these kinds of societal problems.The study will rely on data collected from three sources. First, public opinion on perceptions and evaluations of the disaster response, along with other relevant beliefs and attitudes, will be obtained from a nationally representative online survey conducted by NORC's AmeriSpeak program. This will be a panel study in which a sample of respondents is interviewed at several points in time. Second, information about specific governmental actions carried out by FEMA and other agencies will be coded from daily government reports. Third, information about the extent, content, and tone of media coverage accorded to the government response to Harvey will be obtained by monitoring major outlets over the same time period. The use of multiple time points will show how the distribution of public opinion corresponds to variability in both government actions and media coverage of the disaster response. Most of the survey questions will be repeated at least twice on different waves of the panel, thereby enabling cross-lagged models to evaluate causal relationships in the determinants and consequences of individual opinions about the governmental response process.

该项目研究了公民对政府应对飓风哈维的看法的性质、来源和后果。通过在线调查在多个时间点收集的舆论数据将与同一时期的政府活动和媒体报道相匹配。我们将研究后两个因素，以及个人政治倾向、社会人口特征和先前的灾难情况经验，在多大程度上影响大众对政府应对行动有效性的看法。我们还将确定公民对灾难响应的感受是否会影响他们对政府和政治体系的更广泛的取向。这项研究的结果应该有利于灾难培训计划，并帮助应急管理机构开发更强大的响应系统。公众对政府努力的反应可能会对公民对现任公职人员的评价产生深远的影响。与此同时，人们对应对措施的有效性的感知可能是决定对政府绩效的普遍看法的一个主要因素。这反过来又影响了公职人员在后续政策制定中的“回旋余地”。大众对政府灾害政策反应的分布也会影响公众本身。对政府效率的看法会影响遵守未来指令的意愿。面对灾难时的脆弱感与社会联系感或社会资本感有关。而且，与灾难应对相关的问题往往会因种族和民族的不同而存在分歧。拟议的研究将为处理此类社会问题提供有用的见解。该研究将依赖于从三个来源收集的数据。首先，公众对救灾的看法和评估以及其他相关信念和态度的意见将通过 NORC 的 AmeriSpeak 项目进行的全国代表性在线调查获得。这将是一项小组研究，其中在多个时间点对受访者样本进行访谈。其次，有关 FEMA 和其他机构执行的具体政府行动的信息将从每日政府报告中进行编码。第三，有关政府对哈维的反应的媒体报道的范围、内容和语气的信息将通过监测同一时期的主要媒体来获得。多个时间点的使用将显示公众舆论的分布如何与政府行动和媒体对灾难响应的报道的变化相对应。大多数调查问题将在不同的小组中重复至少两次，从而使交叉滞后模型能够评估决定因素和个人对政府应对过程的看法的后果的因果关系。