Doctoral Dissertation Research: Race, Entrepreneurship, and Urban Revitalization

博士论文研究：种族、创业与城市复兴

• 批准号: 1802821
• 负责人: Sabrina Pendergrass
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-15 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1802821&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Race; Entrepreneurship

The past two decades have seen a period of urban transformation guided by a reliance on gentrification to improve cities, which has both costs and benefits. However, few studies examine the ways that local small businesses fare in the context of gentrification. This project investigates how gentrification-based redevelopment impacts urban black-owned businesses compared to urban white-owned businesses. Considering that neighborhood conditions, especially in cities, are shaped by the commercial enterprises that serve the community, understanding the varied experiences of black business-ownership and white business-ownership during redevelopment will inform public discourse regarding wealth attainment, employment, and neighborhood conditions. Furthermore, this project will have practical implications for public policies aiming to encourage more inclusive redevelopment programs and to develop infrastructure that will more effectively support commercial and residential retention. This project employs a mixed-method design to address three research questions. First, the U.S. Census: Survey of Business Owners (SBO) is used to answer questions regarding the spatial and temporal trends in black and white business development in Detroit, Michigan between 1997 and 2012. These data will be used to illustrate and compare businesses in size, number of paid employees, and receipts. Second, archival material from two prominent Detroit newspapers published between 1997 and 2018 are used to examine how the incorporation of black-owned businesses in media accounts of redevelopment compare to the incorporation of white-owned businesses. Finally, through in-depth, qualitative interviews and ethnographic observation, this project investigates how black and white business-owners differ in the ways they perceive and negotiate access to and ownership over local business resources, such as capital investment, consumers, and networks.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的20年里，经历了一段城市转型时期，依靠中产阶级化来改善城市，这既有成本，也有好处。然而，很少有研究考察当地小企业在士绅化背景下的表现。这个项目调查了基于士绅化的再开发与城市白人拥有的企业相比，对城市黑人拥有的企业有何影响。考虑到社区条件，特别是在城市，是由服务于社区的商业企业塑造的，了解重建过程中黑人企业所有权和白人企业所有权的不同经历，将为公众提供关于财富获得、就业和社区条件的讨论。此外，该项目将对旨在鼓励更具包容性的再开发计划和发展基础设施的公共政策产生实际影响，这些基础设施将更有效地支持商业和住宅保留。该项目采用混合方法设计来解决三个研究问题。首先，美国人口普查：企业主调查(SBO)用于回答有关1997至2012年间密歇根州底特律黑人和白人企业发展的空间和时间趋势的问题。这些数据将被用来说明和比较企业的规模、受薪员工数量和收入。其次，1997年至2018年间出版的两家著名底特律报纸的档案材料被用来研究将黑人拥有的企业纳入重建项目的媒体报道与将白人拥有的企业纳入其中的情况。最后，通过深入、定性的访谈和人种学观察，该项目调查了黑人和白人企业主在感知和谈判获得和拥有当地商业资源(如资本投资、消费者和网络)的方式上的差异。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。