Roman Mining and metal production near the antique city of ULPIANA (Kosovo)

自2012年以来，波鸿德国博物馆和Universität法兰克福博物馆正在开展一项研究项目，致力于科索沃的罗马金属生产。调查工作涉及与科索沃文化、教育和体育部以及科索沃考古研究所密切合作。2014年签署了合作合同，并于2015年确认了合作和联合出版物。由于采矿考古学对科索沃同事来说是一个全新的领域，因此这种合作具有重大的影响，特别是对他们自己的研究，由于培训初级同事而进一步加强了研究。该项目的重点是采矿和矿石加工和冶炼以及金属加工的有关技术设施。研究区域集中在罗马乌尔皮亚纳市腹地的矿区，那里保存着丰富的矿石矿化和许多古代工作的痕迹。在项目的第一阶段，研究集中在Shashkoc和Janjevo之间的矿区，该矿区从罗马时期到中世纪盛期一直被广泛研究。采矿活动仍然清晰可见的痕迹已被系统地定位、记录和取样，以确定其矿石丰度。地球物理检查方法能够探测到明显适合进一步研究的区域，即沉降结构以及选矿和金属生产设施，这些可能与邻近的矿区有关。已对选定的遗址进行了挖掘，并打算继续进行。在Mramor的冶炼现场，表明附近有一个熔炉的高温区域已经部分暴露，计划在项目的第二部分完全挖掘。计划对矿区和冶炼地点进行进一步的详细调查，以便对山区作出最后的判断。在这些有针对性的发掘过程中收集到的发现提供了一个机会，可以用最先进的地球科学方法系统地描述整个<s:1> ne opsamatoire，即从开采的矿石到作为最终产品的金属人工制品，从而完成采矿考古调查的结果。矿石、冶炼产品和金属人工制品的铅同位素来源研究不仅有助于我们了解罗马帝国的贸易流动和商业关系，而且还扩展了可用但仍未完全完成的矿石铅同位素参考数据库，并分析了一个地区，迄今为止，国际研究人员很少注意到这一点，尽管它具有巨大的历史和当前的重要性。后一个方面对于其他研究金属来源的考古项目当然是非常重要的。

Since 2012, the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum and the Universität Frankfurt are carrying out a research project which is dedicated to Roman metal production in Kosovo. The investigations involve close cooperation with the Kosovar Ministry of Culture, Education and Sport and the Archaeological Institute of Kosovo. A collaboration contract specifying cooperation and joint publications has been signed 2014 and confirmed 2015. Since mining archaeology is a completely new territory for the Kosovarian colleagues, the cooperation has a significant impact, particularly for their own research which has been further increased by training of junior colleagues. The project focuses on mining and the related technical facilities for the processing and smelting of ore as well as for metal working. The study area concentrates on the mining district in the hinterland of the Roman municipium of Ulpiana, where a rich ore mineralisation with numerous traces of ancient workings is preserved. In the first phase of the project, research focused on the mining district between Shashkoc and Janjevo which has been worked extensively from Roman to high medieval times. The still clearly visible traces of mining activities have been systematically located, documented and sampled for their ore abundances. Geophysical examination methods enabled the detection of areas obviously suitable for further studies, namely settlement structures as well as facilities for ore beneficiation and metal production, which are probably related to the mining sites in the immediate vicinity. Excavations of selected sites have already been carried out and are intended to be continued. At the smelting site of Mramor, high temperature areas indicating a nearby furnace complex have already been partially uncovered and are planned to be completely excavated in the second part of the project. Further detailed investigations of the mining areas, but also of the smelting sites are envisaged to reach a final judgement of the montane region. The findings gathered during these targeted excavations offer the opportunity to systematically characterise the whole chaîne opératoire, i.e. from the mined ore to metal artefacts as the end products, with state of the art geoscientific methods, hence completing the results of the mining archaeological investigations. Lead isotope provenance studies of ores, smelting products and metal artefacts not only contribute to our knowledge about trade flows and commercial relationships in the Roman Empire but also extends the available but still not fully completed lead isotope reference database of ores with analyses from a region, which has so far been little noticed by international researchers, despite its enormous historic as well as current importance. The latter aspect certainly is of high importance for other archaeological projects dealing with metal provenance.