Roman Mining and metal production near the antique city of ULPIANA (Kosovo)

古城乌尔皮亚纳（科索沃）附近的罗马采矿和金属生产

• 批准号: 233223376
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Sabine Klein
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsbereich Montanarchäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/233223376?language=en
• 关键词: Roman; Mining; metal; production; near

Since 2012, the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum and the Universität Frankfurt are carrying out a research project which is dedicated to Roman metal production in Kosovo. The investigations involve close cooperation with the Kosovar Ministry of Culture, Education and Sport and the Archaeological Institute of Kosovo. A collaboration contract specifying cooperation and joint publications has been signed 2014 and confirmed 2015. Since mining archaeology is a completely new territory for the Kosovarian colleagues, the cooperation has a significant impact, particularly for their own research which has been further increased by training of junior colleagues. The project focuses on mining and the related technical facilities for the processing and smelting of ore as well as for metal working. The study area concentrates on the mining district in the hinterland of the Roman municipium of Ulpiana, where a rich ore mineralisation with numerous traces of ancient workings is preserved. In the first phase of the project, research focused on the mining district between Shashkoc and Janjevo which has been worked extensively from Roman to high medieval times. The still clearly visible traces of mining activities have been systematically located, documented and sampled for their ore abundances. Geophysical examination methods enabled the detection of areas obviously suitable for further studies, namely settlement structures as well as facilities for ore beneficiation and metal production, which are probably related to the mining sites in the immediate vicinity. Excavations of selected sites have already been carried out and are intended to be continued. At the smelting site of Mramor, high temperature areas indicating a nearby furnace complex have already been partially uncovered and are planned to be completely excavated in the second part of the project. Further detailed investigations of the mining areas, but also of the smelting sites are envisaged to reach a final judgement of the montane region. The findings gathered during these targeted excavations offer the opportunity to systematically characterise the whole chaîne opératoire, i.e. from the mined ore to metal artefacts as the end products, with state of the art geoscientific methods, hence completing the results of the mining archaeological investigations. Lead isotope provenance studies of ores, smelting products and metal artefacts not only contribute to our knowledge about trade flows and commercial relationships in the Roman Empire but also extends the available but still not fully completed lead isotope reference database of ores with analyses from a region, which has so far been little noticed by international researchers, despite its enormous historic as well as current importance. The latter aspect certainly is of high importance for other archaeological projects dealing with metal provenance.

自2012年以来，德国伯格堡博物馆波鸿和法兰克福大学正在开展一项研究项目，致力于科索沃的罗马金属生产。调查工作涉及与科索沃文化、教育和体育部以及科索沃考古研究所的密切合作。2014年签署了一项合作合同，规定了合作和联合出版物，并于2015年确认。由于采矿考古学对哥伦比亚大学的同事来说是一个全新的领域，因此合作产生了重大影响，特别是对他们自己的研究，通过培训初级同事进一步增加了研究。该项目的重点是采矿以及矿石加工和冶炼以及金属加工的相关技术设施。研究区域集中在乌尔皮亚纳罗马自治市腹地的矿区，那里保存着丰富的矿石矿化，有许多古老的工作痕迹。在该项目的第一阶段，研究重点是Shashkoc和Janjevo之间的矿区，该矿区从罗马时代到中世纪晚期一直被广泛开采。对仍然清晰可见的采矿活动痕迹进行了系统的定位、记录和取样，以确定其矿石丰度。地球物理检查方法使人们能够探测到显然适合进一步研究的区域，即可能与紧邻矿区有关的沉降结构以及矿石提纯和金属生产设施。已经对选定的地点进行了核查，并打算继续进行核查。在Mramor冶炼厂，高温区表明附近有一个熔炉综合体，已经部分露出，计划在项目第二部分完全挖掘。预计将对采矿区和冶炼场进行进一步详细调查，以便对山区作出最后判断。在这些有针对性的挖掘过程中收集到的发现提供了一个机会，可以系统地对整个chauberne opératoire进行研究，即从开采的矿石到作为最终产品的金属制品，采用最先进的地质科学方法，从而完成采矿考古调查的结果。对矿石、冶炼产品和金属手工艺品的铅同位素来源研究不仅有助于我们了解罗马帝国的贸易流动和商业关系，而且还通过对一个地区的分析，扩展了现有但尚未完全完成的矿石铅同位素参考数据库，尽管该数据库在历史上和当前都具有巨大的重要性，但迄今为止国际研究人员很少注意到该数据库。后一个方面对于其他涉及金属来源的考古项目当然非常重要。