Roman Mining and metal production near the antique city of ULPIANA (Kosovo)

古城乌尔皮亚纳（科索沃）附近的罗马采矿和金属生产

• 批准号: 233223376
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Sabine Klein
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsbereich Montanarchäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/233223376?language=en
• 关键词: Roman; Mining; metal; production; near

Since 2012, the Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum and the Universität Frankfurt are carrying out a research project which is dedicated to Roman metal production in Kosovo. The investigations involve close cooperation with the Kosovar Ministry of Culture, Education and Sport and the Archaeological Institute of Kosovo. A collaboration contract specifying cooperation and joint publications has been signed 2014 and confirmed 2015. Since mining archaeology is a completely new territory for the Kosovarian colleagues, the cooperation has a significant impact, particularly for their own research which has been further increased by training of junior colleagues. The project focuses on mining and the related technical facilities for the processing and smelting of ore as well as for metal working. The study area concentrates on the mining district in the hinterland of the Roman municipium of Ulpiana, where a rich ore mineralisation with numerous traces of ancient workings is preserved. In the first phase of the project, research focused on the mining district between Shashkoc and Janjevo which has been worked extensively from Roman to high medieval times. The still clearly visible traces of mining activities have been systematically located, documented and sampled for their ore abundances. Geophysical examination methods enabled the detection of areas obviously suitable for further studies, namely settlement structures as well as facilities for ore beneficiation and metal production, which are probably related to the mining sites in the immediate vicinity. Excavations of selected sites have already been carried out and are intended to be continued. At the smelting site of Mramor, high temperature areas indicating a nearby furnace complex have already been partially uncovered and are planned to be completely excavated in the second part of the project. Further detailed investigations of the mining areas, but also of the smelting sites are envisaged to reach a final judgement of the montane region. The findings gathered during these targeted excavations offer the opportunity to systematically characterise the whole chaîne opératoire, i.e. from the mined ore to metal artefacts as the end products, with state of the art geoscientific methods, hence completing the results of the mining archaeological investigations. Lead isotope provenance studies of ores, smelting products and metal artefacts not only contribute to our knowledge about trade flows and commercial relationships in the Roman Empire but also extends the available but still not fully completed lead isotope reference database of ores with analyses from a region, which has so far been little noticed by international researchers, despite its enormous historic as well as current importance. The latter aspect certainly is of high importance for other archaeological projects dealing with metal provenance.

自2012年以来，德意志贝尔格（Deutsches）Bergbau-Museum Bochum和Frankfurt大学正在进行一个研究项目，该项目致力于科索沃（Kosovo）的罗马金属生产。调查涉及与科索沃文化，教育和体育部以及科索沃考古研究所的密切合作。一项合作合同指定合作和联合出版物的合同已于2014年签署，并确认了2015年。由于采矿考古学是科索维亚同事的全新领域，因此合作产生了重大影响，特别是对于他们自己的研究，这一研究已通过对初级同事的培训而进一步增加。该项目着重于采矿和相关的技术设施，用于加工和冶炼矿石以及金属工作。研究区集中在乌尔皮亚纳（Ulpiana）罗马市腹地的采矿区，那里保留了富裕的矿石矿化，并保留了许多古老的工作痕迹。在该项目的第一阶段，研究重点关注Shashkoc和Janjevo之间的采矿区，这是从罗马到中世纪高时期的广泛工作。在其矿石抽象的过程中，仍有清晰可见的采矿活动痕迹被系统地定位，记录和采样。地球物理检查方法能够检测明显适合进一步研究的区域，即设定结构以及矿石有益和金属生产的设施，这可能与附近的采矿地点有关。已经进行了选定站点的发掘，并打算继续进行。在MRAMOR的冶炼部位，高温区域表明已经部分发现了近炉配合物，并计划在项目的第二部分中完全挖掘出来。设想对采矿区的进一步详细调查，以及冶炼场所的最终判决。在这些有针对性的发掘过程中收集的发现，为整个ChaîneOpératoire（即从开采的矿石到金属人工制品作为最终产品）提供了系统的特征，并以最先进的地球科学方法来完成。对矿石，冶炼产品和金属人工制品的铅同位素出处研究不仅有助于我们对罗马帝国的贸易流和商业关系的了解，而且还扩展了可用的矿物质矿石参考数据库矿石的可用铅同位素参考数据库，并从一个地区进行了分析，这是国际研究人员迄今为止很少认可的，其历史悠久的是，这一点很少出现。对于涉及金属出处的其他档案项目，后一个方面肯定很重要。