NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: MexiDrill: Developing a 350,000 year record of climate and environmental change in tropical North America

NSFGEO-NERC：合作研究：MexiDrill：开发北美热带地区 35 万年的气候和环境变化记录

• 批准号: 1803725
• 负责人: Erik Brown
• 金额: $ 21.16万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota Duluth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1803725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSFGEO; NERC; Collaborative; Research; MexiDrill

Understanding the mechanisms that caused past climate change is a key problem in paleoclimate research, and is critical for evaluating impacts of ongoing and future climate change. Sediments from Lake Chalco, just outside Mexico City, hold geologic, paleoenvironmental, and paleobiological information of value to the global scientific community, and directly relevant to the 20 million people living in the Basin of Mexico. Much of Mexico is projected to become drier in the coming decades and centuries in response to ongoing climate change; these anthropogenic changes will be superimposed on natural variability in climate systems. In central Mexico projections generally point to drying as a result of decreased rainfall during the summer rainy season and enhanced evaporation rates. Analysis of records of temperature and precipitation will provide a means to evaluate the history of climate preserved in Lake Chalco sediments. Results of this project will contribute to an improved understanding of climate and hydrological balance in one of the most densely populated urban centers on Earth. Hydrological balance is critical, impacting agriculture and drinking water as well as affecting vulnerability to disease. This study will enable more detailed assessment of volcanic history in the Mexico City region, which will also allow development of volcanic hazard assessment for the region that is based on a comprehensive understanding of past activity. The Basin of Mexico is one of the world's most heavily populated areas, and fallout deposits from large explosive eruptions have the potential to significantly disrupt the entire city. The team will incorporate field guides from Mexico into the "Flyover Country" mobile app, which will be available in English and Spanish. The project supports the development of a diverse, globally competitive STEM workforce by including early-to-mid career women in significant roles and through the inclusion of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. To evaluate the role of low latitudes in initiating and propagating global changes, we need information regarding the geographical distribution and timing of abrupt changes in the tropics. A long and detailed climate record from central Mexico, the geographic center of North American tropical palaeoclimate sites, will enhance our understanding of the mid-latitude to tropical linkages in North American climate. The primary scientific objective of this joint NSF-GEO/NERC proposal is to obtain a continuous, high-resolution record of past changes in climate and biota in the North American tropics since the mid-Pleistocene. We will analyze a recently recovered ~350m lacustrine sedimentary sequence from the Lake Chalco basin on the southern outskirts of Mexico City. The Chalco sediment sequence is likely to provide a 350,000 year record of climate and environmental change, as well as a remarkable reconstruction of regional volcanic activity. Topics of particular interest include 1) glacial/interglacial variability in the influence of major climate modes such as migration of the InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and Westerlies, 2) orbital scale variability, particularly the influence of precession on the location of the ITCZ and its influence on the Mesoamerican Monsoon, and 3) millennial scale variability during glacial periods and terminations. Interplay between air masses controlled by temperature changes in the Pacific and Atlantic basins is stronger in Chalco than at other sites, and hydroclimate changes are amplified due to its high altitude location. This will be among the longest archives of climate, environment, and biota from North America, from a region presently lacking such records.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解过去气候变化的机制是古气候研究中的一个关键问题，对于评估正在进行的和未来的气候变化的影响至关重要。位于墨西哥城外的查尔科湖的沉积物保存着对全球科学界有价值的地质、古环境和古生物信息，与生活在墨西哥盆地的2000万人直接相关。预计墨西哥大部分地区在未来几十年和几个世纪内将变得更加干旱，以应对持续的气候变化；这些人为变化将叠加气候系统中的自然变异性。在墨西哥中部，由于夏季雨季降雨量减少和蒸发率增加，预测结果通常是干旱。对温度和降水记录的分析将为评估查尔科湖沉积物中保存下来的气候历史提供一种手段。该项目的成果将有助于更好地了解地球上人口最稠密的城市中心之一的气候和水文平衡。水文平衡至关重要，它影响到农业和饮用水，也影响到疾病的脆弱性。这项研究将有助于对墨西哥城地区的火山历史进行更详细的评估，这也将有助于根据对过去活动的全面了解，对该地区进行火山危险评估。墨西哥盆地是世界上人口最稠密的地区之一，大规模爆炸性喷发产生的粉尘沉积有可能严重扰乱整个城市。该团队将把来自墨西哥的实地指南整合到“天桥之乡”移动应用程序中，该应用程序将有英语和西班牙语两种版本。该项目支持发展一支多元化的、具有全球竞争力的STEM劳动力队伍，方法是让职业生涯早期到中期的女性担任重要角色，并纳入研究生和博士后研究人员。为了评估低纬度在启动和传播全球变化中的作用，我们需要关于热带突然变化的地理分布和时间的信息。墨西哥中部是北美热带古气候遗址的地理中心，详细的气候记录将加深我们对北美气候中纬度与热带联系的理解。这项NSF-GEO/NERC联合建议的主要科学目标是获得自中更新世以来北美热带地区过去气候和生物群变化的连续、高分辨率记录。我们将分析最近在墨西哥城南郊查尔科湖盆地发现的~350米的湖泊沉积序列。Chalco沉积序列可能提供35万年的气候和环境变化记录，以及对区域火山活动的显著重建。特别感兴趣的专题包括：1)主要气候模式影响下的冰川/间冰期变异性，例如热带辐合带和西风带的迁移；2)轨道尺度变异性，特别是进动对热带辐合带位置的影响及其对中美洲季风的影响；3)冰期和终止期的千年尺度变异性。受太平洋和大西洋盆地温度变化控制的气团之间的相互作用在中铝比在其他地点更强，由于其高海拔位置，水气候变化被放大。这将是北美目前缺乏气候、环境和生物群记录的最长档案之一。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Scientific drilling of Lake Chalco, Basin of Mexico (MexiDrill)

• DOI: 10.5194/sd-26-1-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-12-02
• 期刊: SCIENTIFIC DRILLING
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Brown, Erik T.;Caballero, Margarita;Zeeden, Christian
• 通讯作者: Zeeden, Christian

Environmental changes during MIS6-3 in the Basin of Mexico: A record of fire, lake productivity history and vegetation

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103231
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Journal of South American Earth Sciences
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: L. R. Martínez-Abarca-;S. Lozano-García;B. Ortega‐Guerrero;C. M. Chávez-Lara;Esperanza Torres-Rodríguez;M. Caballero;E. Brown;Susana Sosa-Nájera;C. Acosta-Noriega;V. Sandoval-Ibarra

An ostracod-based record of paleoecological conditions during MIS6 and MIS5, from Lake Chalco, Basin of Mexico

墨西哥盆地查尔科湖 MIS6 和 MIS5 期间基于介形类的古生态条件记录

• DOI: 10.1007/s10933-022-00237-w
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Paleolimnology
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Chávez-Lara, C. M.;Lozano-García, S.;Ortega-Guerrero, B.;Caballero-Miranda, M.;Avendaño, D.;Brown, E. T.
• 通讯作者: Brown, E. T.

Climatic control on magnetic mineralogy during the late MIS 6 - Early MIS 3 in Lake Chalco, central Mexico

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106163
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: B. Ortega‐Guerrero;D. Avendaño;M. Caballero;S. Lozano-García;E. Brown;Alejandro W. Rodriguez;B. M. García;Hermenegildo Barceinas;A. Soler;Albán Albarrán

An astronomical age-depth model and reconstruction of moisture availability in the sediments of Lake Chalco, central Mexico, using borehole logging data

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107739
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Mehrdad Sardar Abadi;C. Zeeden;A. Ulfers;T. Wonik