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Max-Planck-Princeton Center for Plasma Physics: A Collaboration in Plasma Astrophysics

马克斯·普朗克·普林斯顿等离子体物理中心：等离子体天体物理学的合作

基本信息

批准号：
1804048
负责人：
Anatoly Spitkovsky
金额：
$ 60万
依托单位：
Princeton University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1804048&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Max Planck Princeton Center Plasma

项目摘要

Most of the visible matter in the Universe is a plasma, that is a dilute gas of ions, electrons, and neutral particles. Many fundamental and important physical processes that occur in plasmas remain poorly understood. This, in turn, limits our ability to understand diverse phenomena in space such as how stars form or how the particles flowing from the Sun affect the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere. It also impacts our ability to engineer and operate experiments on Earth such as magnetically confined fusion devices. The Max-Panck Princeton Center for Plasma Physics (MPPC) was established as a joint venture of the Max Planck Society in Germany, Princeton University, and the Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in order to forge new collaborations between Universities, the national plasma labs, and international partners in order to investigate some of the most pressing problems in plasma physics. By supporting students and early career scientists, the MPPC serves to train the next generation of experimental, computational, and theoretical plasma physicists, and its international scope provides unique training for early career scientists. The center provides unique opportunities for the public, as well as students and teachers at public and regional schools, to engage in scientific inquiry in ways that enhance their understanding of science concepts and scientific ways of thinking through a well established outreach program at PPPL.The MPPC effort at Princeton University is focused on three cross-cutting problems in plasma astrophysics: cosmic ray transport and feedback, the interplay between turbulence and reconnection, and dynamo action in accretion disks, stellar convection, and galaxies. New fluid closure models for cosmic rays will be developed and applied to models of the interstellar medium in galaxies to understand the role of cosmic-ray feedback on galaxy formation. New theoretical and computational studies of magnetic field amplification by dynamo action driven by the magneto-rotational instability in accretion disks, and convection in rotating stars, will be undertaken. Using new computational tools developed by members of the MPPC, new studies of plasma turbulence in the kinetic regime, relevant to conditions in the solar wind, will be developed. The Center fosters interdisciplinary collaboration between the plasma and astrophysics communities, as well as international collaboration between these communities in the US, Germany, and elsewhere. Its international scope provides unique training for graduate students and postdocs. This award provides renewed support for Princeton University's participation in MPPC, with support for PPPL's participation provided by the Department of Energy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

宇宙中的大部分可见物质是等离子体，即离子、电子和中性粒子的稀释气体。等离子体中发生的许多基本和重要的物理过程仍然知之甚少。这反过来又限制了我们理解太空中各种现象的能力，例如恒星如何形成，或者来自太阳的粒子如何影响地球大气层的上层。它还影响了我们在地球上设计和操作实验的能力，例如磁约束聚变装置。普林斯顿等离子体物理中心（MPPC）是由德国的马克斯·普朗克学会、普林斯顿大学和能源部普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室（PPPL）联合成立的，目的是在大学、国家等离子体实验室和国际合作伙伴之间建立新的合作关系，以研究等离子体物理中一些最紧迫的问题。通过支持学生和早期职业科学家，MPPC致力于培养下一代实验，计算和理论等离子体物理学家，其国际范围为早期职业科学家提供了独特的培训。该中心为公众以及公立和地区学校的学生和教师提供了独特的机会，通过PPPL完善的外展计划，以提高他们对科学概念和科学思维方式的理解的方式参与科学探究。普林斯顿大学的MPPC工作集中在等离子体天体物理学的三个交叉问题：宇宙射线传输和反馈，湍流和重连之间的相互作用，以及吸积盘，恒星对流和星系中的发电机作用。将开发新的宇宙射线流体闭合模型，并将其应用于星系星际介质模型，以了解宇宙射线反馈对星系形成的作用。将对由吸积盘中的磁旋转不稳定性驱动的发电机作用和旋转恒星中的对流引起的磁场放大进行新的理论和计算研究。利用MPPC成员开发的新计算工具，将对与太阳风条件有关的动力学状态下的等离子体湍流进行新的研究。该中心促进等离子体和天体物理学社区之间的跨学科合作，以及美国，德国和其他地方的这些社区之间的国际合作。它的国际范围为研究生和博士后提供了独特的培训。该奖项为普林斯顿大学参与MPPC提供了新的支持，PPPL的参与由能源部提供支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。