Enabling a Flexible, Non-disruptive Demand Control to Improve Grid Security & Performance

实现灵活、无中断的需求控制以提高电网安全

• 批准号: 1810079
• 负责人: Venkataramana Ajjarapu
• 金额: $ 35.95万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1810079&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enabling; Flexible; Non; disruptive; Demand

As the penetration of smart controllable loads in the distribution system has been increasing, there has been a rising interest by utilities and ISOs to use these devices to improve the overall grid performance. Thermostatic controllable loads (TCLs) (heating, ventilation and air-conditioners (HVAC)) are rarely used for directly handling stability and security related issues. In this project, we systematically utilize the thermal storage of the HVAC systems to improve the security of the grid over various time scales (5 sec - 2 hrs). While we will concentrate on enhancing system stability, the proposed DR aggregation and control methodology can be utilized for other services (emergency reserves, spinning reserves, load shaping, etc.) in a manner that ensures the customer comfort is not disrupted. The research results will be disseminated at relevant conferences. Also, we plan to develop curriculum modules and short courses based on the research.The uniqueness of the Demand Response(DR) aggregator with set-point control is that it reduces the control cost of DR imposed by frequent switching and reduces the likelihood of involuntary service interruption, enabling a more flexible, aggressive, and smooth demand control for a broad range of applications. A time-varying Extended Markov Model (EMM) is used in an online manner to control temperature set points of TCLs by taking into account the customer discomfort. The EMM is complimented by a time varying model predictive control (MPC) scheme to ensure effective control of TCLs to follow the reference power. The proposed scheme effectively broadens the set of available tools and resources to save the system at the onset of a severe event. The proposed approach monitors real-time voltage stability margin (VSM) and predicts VSM in a nonstationary operating environment and ensures that the customer dissatisfaction is limited while ensuring voltage stability via demand side control. The novel detection of the location and proportion of HVAC stalling devices using phasor measurement units (PMUs) & micro-PMUs within 2-5 seconds ensures that relevant devices are selected for DR control, leading to an improvement in the short-term stability of the system. Also, to ensure that the reconnection does not induce synchronization of TCLs, an MPC formulation using EMMs is solved to determine the effective reconnection scheme.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着智能可控负载在配电系统中的渗透率不断提高，公用事业和ISO对使用这些设备来提高整体电网性能的兴趣不断增加。恒温可控负载（TCL）（供暖、通风和空调（HVAC））很少用于直接处理稳定性和安全性相关问题。在这个项目中，我们系统地利用HVAC系统的热存储来提高电网在不同时间尺度（5秒- 2小时）的安全性。 虽然我们将专注于增强系统稳定性，但建议的DR聚合和控制方法可用于其他服务（紧急备用、旋转备用、负载整形等）。以确保客户舒适度不被破坏的方式。研究结果将在有关会议上传播。 此外，我们计划开发课程模块和短期课程的基础上的研究。需求响应（DR）聚合器与设定点控制的独特之处在于，它减少了频繁切换所施加的DR的控制成本，并减少了非自愿服务中断的可能性，使一个更灵活，积极的，和平滑的需求控制，为广泛的应用。一个随时间变化的扩展马尔可夫模型（EMM）是用来在一个在线的方式来控制温度设定点的TCL考虑到客户的不适。EMM是由一个时变模型预测控制（MPC）计划，以确保有效的控制TCL遵循参考功率的补充。所提出的方案有效地扩大了可用工具和资源的集合，以在严重事件发生时拯救系统。所提出的方法监测实时电压稳定裕度（VSM），并预测VSM在非平稳运行环境中，并确保客户的不满是有限的，同时通过需求侧控制，确保电压稳定。在2-5秒内使用相量测量单元（PMU）微型PMU对HVAC失速设备的位置和比例进行新颖的检测，确保相关设备被选择用于DR控制，从而提高系统的短期稳定性。此外，为了确保重新连接不会引起TCL的同步，使用EMM求解MPC公式以确定有效的重新连接方案。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。