NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2018: Evolution and development of chemosensory systems in tetrapods

2018 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：四足动物化学感应系统的进化和发展

• 批准号: 1812035
• 负责人: Laurel Yohe
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Yohe Laurel R
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1812035&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2018, Research Using Biological Collections. The fellowship supports research and training of the fellow that will utilize biological collections in innovative ways. The title of the research plan for this fellowship to Laurel Yohe is "evolution and development of chemosensory systems in tetrapods". Most animals have only a single smell system for processing chemical signals that help them find food and mates, as well as avoid predators and noxious substances. This fellow is investigating the reasons why tetrapods developed a secondary olfactory sense system in their nose called the vomeronasal system. Explanations for why two smell systems evolved in the first place are incomplete and confounded by speculation. To complicate the story further, the vomeronasal system has been reduced or lost in many lineages independently. The fellow will apply innovative and non-destructive staining methods to museum specimens to quantify and characterize the variation in these two olfactory systems' function, from the developing nasal cavities of embryos to fully developed noses of species that possess these two systems, including those species that have lost the vomeronasal system. Understanding how these two systems evolved, and why the vomeronasal system is lost in some species, can help our understanding of chemosensory evolution and development specifically, but can also help us to understand sensory evolution in general. This study will prepare the fellow for a career as an independent research scientist, through the exposure and training of pioneering methods and new disciplines that will help shape the future research program of the fellow.The majority of what is known about the molecular and developmental mechanisms of smell comes from model organisms. This project applies new staining and imaging methods to both adult and embryonic non-model organism museum specimens to test longstanding hypotheses on why selection on the vomeronasal system has relaxed in some tetrapods but remains well conserved in others. First, the fellow will use a non-destructive staining technology to a diversity of museum specimens to quantify the sizes and volumes of different olfactory structures in groups of organisms that are known to have differences in vomeronasal function. From this data, the fellow can test hypotheses for why some species have the vomeronasal system and some do not, such as having an aquatic lifestyle or being diurnal. Second, the fellow will perform a comparative embryology study of nasal cavity development in groups of organisms where variation in function exists, identifying key ontogenetic stages in which vestigialization may occur. Third, at the stages in which variation is thought to occur, the fellow will apply comparative transcriptomics to identify the molecular basis for this variation. The project will establish a new program that links students from New Haven's community colleges to participate in research projects at Yale. This outreach exposes students that often do not have direct access to research opportunities to hands-on learning activities and research experiences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2018财年NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，使用生物收集的研究。该研究金支持研究员的研究和培训，以创新的方式利用生物收藏。这项研究计划的标题为月桂Yohe奖学金是“进化和发展的化学传感系统在四足动物”。大多数动物只有一个单一的嗅觉系统来处理化学信号，帮助它们找到食物和配偶，以及避免捕食者和有毒物质。这位研究员正在研究为什么四足动物在鼻子里发展出一个叫做犁鼻系统的次级嗅觉系统。为什么两个嗅觉系统首先进化的解释是不完整的，并且被猜测所混淆。使故事更加复杂的是，犁鼻系统在许多谱系中独立地减少或消失了。该研究员将对博物馆标本应用创新和非破坏性的染色方法，以量化和表征这两个嗅觉系统功能的变化，从胚胎发育的鼻腔到拥有这两个系统的物种的完全发育的鼻子，包括那些失去犁鼻系统的物种。了解这两个系统是如何进化的，以及为什么犁鼻系统在某些物种中丢失，可以帮助我们理解化学感觉的进化和发育，也可以帮助我们理解一般的感觉进化。这项研究将为研究员作为独立研究科学家的职业生涯做好准备，通过接触和培训开创性的方法和新学科，这将有助于塑造研究员未来的研究计划。关于气味的分子和发育机制的大部分知识来自模式生物。该项目应用新的染色和成像方法，以成人和胚胎非模式生物博物馆标本，以测试长期存在的假说，为什么犁鼻系统的选择在一些四足动物放松，但仍然很好地保存在其他人。首先，该研究员将使用非破坏性染色技术对各种博物馆标本进行定量，以确定已知犁鼻功能存在差异的生物体中不同嗅觉结构的大小和体积。从这些数据中，研究员可以测试为什么有些物种有犁鼻系统，有些没有，如有一个水生生活方式或昼夜。其次，研究员将在功能存在差异的生物体群体中进行鼻腔发育的比较胚胎学研究，确定可能发生退化的关键个体发育阶段。第三，在被认为发生变异的阶段，研究员将应用比较转录组学来确定这种变异的分子基础。该项目将建立一个新的项目，将纽黑文社区学院的学生与耶鲁大学的研究项目联系起来。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Biohalogenation and gut mineralization of invertebrates specialized in deep-sea hydrothermal environments

专门从事深海热液环境的无脊椎动物的生物卤化和肠道矿化

• DOI: 10.46427/gold2022.12562
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Goldshmidt 2022
• 作者: Yohe, Laurel;Tepolt, Carolyn;Syverson, Drew;Hark, Richard;Yohe, Scott
• 通讯作者: Yohe, Scott

The five digits of the giraffe metatarsal

长颈鹿跖骨的五个数字

• DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa136
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Yohe, Laurel R;Solounias, Nikos
• 通讯作者: Solounias, Nikos

Experimental partitioning of osmium between pyrite and fluid: Constraints on the mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal flux of osmium to seawater

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.10.029
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: D. Syverson;Joachim A. R. Katchinoff;Laurel R. Yohe;B. Tutolo;W. Seyfried;A. Rooney

Evaluating the performance of targeted sequence capture, RNA‐Seq, and degenerate‐primer PCR cloning for sequencing the largest mammalian multigene family

• DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13093
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Molecular Ecology Resources
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Laurel R. Yohe;Kalina T. J. Davies;N. Simmons;K. Sears;E. Dumont;S. Rossiter;Liliana M. Dávalos

Expressed Vomeronasal Type-1 Receptors (V1rs) in Bats Uncover Conserved Sequences Underlying Social Chemical Signaling

蝙蝠中表达的犁鼻 1 型受体 (V1rs) 揭示了社会化学信号传导背后的保守序列

• DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz179
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Genome Biology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Yohe, Laurel R;Davies, Kalina T;Rossiter, Stephen J;Dávalos, Liliana M;Chang, Belinda
• 通讯作者: Chang, Belinda