Transmission pathways and immunological factors driving invasion potential of the recently discovered pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

驱动最近发现的病原体 Batrachochytrium salamdrivorans 入侵潜力的传播途径和免疫因素

• 批准号: 1814520
• 负责人: Matthew Gray
• 金额: $ 249.45万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1814520&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Transmission; pathways; immunological; factors; driving

The recently discovered fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is believed to be from Asia and was likely introduced into Europe through international trade, where it is emerging in fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) populations. Bsal is a flesh-eating pathogen that causes necrotic skin ulcerations and can lead to death in susceptible salamanders in less than 2 weeks. Emergence of this pathogen in the United States would have devastating effects on biodiversity. Eastern North America is home to more than 100 salamander species that contribute to various ecosystem services, including control of disease-causing insects, nutrient cycling, and biomedical products for society. This award will fund research that will characterize the epidemiology, host immune responses, and pathogenesis of Bsal in one of the most widely distributed salamander species in North America, the eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). By taking a proactive approach to studying Bsal now, this project will generate essential information aimed at developing predictive disease response tools that can be used by natural resource organizations to prevent or thwart an outbreak of Bsal in North America. Additionally, this project will provide broad training opportunities and capacity building for students and professionals at US academic institutions, agencies and organizations. The current knowledge of Bsal epidemiology is restricted mostly to European fire salamanders, which have different life history strategies than most North American salamander species. This project will parameterize Bsal epidemiological models using controlled experiments with adult and juvenile eastern newts that will: (1) include transmission pathways in both the aquatic and terrestrial environments for a range of ambient temperatures, (2) consider two unique forms of infectious Bsal zoospores, (3) identify the role of zoospore persistence in water and soil, and factors that affect it, (4) explicitly model zoospore shedding and between-host transmission as disease progresses, and (5) include a recovery stage as an infection outcome. The project also will quantify innate and adaptive immune responses to Bsal, identify the mechanisms of Bsal pathogenesis, and parameterize integral projection models that explore the impacts of host resistance and infection tolerance on salamander-Bsal dynamics. This award will significantly advance the foundational knowledge of Bsal epidemiology, immunology, and pathology, and will provide the basis for science-derived disease intervention strategies that are generalizable across similar at-risk species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

最近发现的真菌病原体Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans(Bsal)据信来自亚洲，很可能是通过国际贸易传入欧洲的，在那里它正出现在火蜥蜴(Salamandra Salamandra)种群中。BSAL是一种食肉病原体，会导致坏死性皮肤溃疡，并可能在不到两周的时间内导致易感火蜥蜴死亡。这种病原体在美国的出现将对生物多样性造成毁灭性的影响。北美东部是100多种火蜥蜴的家园，它们为各种生态系统服务做出了贡献，包括控制致病昆虫、营养循环和为社会提供生物医学产品。这一奖项将用于研究Bsal在北美分布最广泛的物种之一的流行病学、宿主免疫反应和致病机理。通过现在采取积极主动的方法研究BSAL，该项目将产生重要的信息，旨在开发可供自然资源组织用来预防或阻止BSAL在北美爆发的预测性疾病反应工具。此外，该项目将为美国学术机构、机构和组织的学生和专业人员提供广泛的培训机会和能力建设。目前对BSAL流行病学的了解主要局限于欧洲火蜥蜴，它们的生活史策略与大多数北美火蜥蜴物种不同。该项目将利用对成体和幼体东部蝾螈的对照实验，将Bsal流行病学模型参数化，其中将：(1)包括在一定环境温度范围内水生和陆地环境中的传播途径，(2)考虑两种独特形式的具有传染性的游动孢子，(3)确定游动孢子在水和土壤中的持久性的作用，以及影响它的因素，(4)明确地模拟游动孢子在疾病进展过程中的脱落和宿主间传播，以及(5)包括作为感染结果的恢复期。该项目还将量化对Bsal的先天和获得性免疫反应，确定Bsal的致病机制，并将探索宿主抵抗力和感染耐受性对Salamander-Bsal动态影响的积分投影模型参数化。这一奖项将显著推进BSAL流行病学、免疫学和病理学的基础知识，并将为可在类似高危物种中推广的科学衍生疾病干预策略提供基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Differentiating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans in Amphibian Chytridiomycosis Using RNAScope®in situ Hybridization

使用 RNAScope® 原位杂交区分两栖类壶菌病中的 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 和 B. salamandrivorans

• DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00304
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Ossiboff, Robert J.;Towe, Anastasia E.;Brown, Melissa A.;Longo, Ana V.;Lips, Karen R.;Miller, Debra L.;Carter, E. Davis;Gray, Matthew J.;Frasca, Salvatore
• 通讯作者: Frasca, Salvatore

Isolation and maintenance of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans cultures

Batrachochytrium salamdrivorans 培养物的分离和维持

• DOI: 10.3354/dao03488
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Robinson, KA;Pereira, KE;Bletz, MC;Carter, ED;Gray, MJ;Piovia-Scott, J;Romansic, JM;Woodhams, DC;Fritz-Laylin, L
• 通讯作者: Fritz-Laylin, L

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Can Devour More than Salamanders

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans 的吞食能力比蝾螈还要多

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of wildlife diseases
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Towe, Anastasia E.;Gray, Matthew J.;Carter, Edward Davis;Wilber, Mark Q.;Ossiboff, Robert J.;Ash, Kurt;Bohanon, Markese;Bajo, Brittany A.;Miller, Debra L.
• 通讯作者: Miller, Debra L.

Incorporating caudate species susceptibilities and climate change into models of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans risk in the United States of America

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110181
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: Biological Conservation
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Matthew Grisnik;M. Gray;J. Piovia‐Scott;E. Carter;W. Sutton

Lymphocyte Inhibition by the Salamander-Killing Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

杀死蝾螈壶菌真菌（Batrachochytrium salamdrivorans）对淋巴细胞的抑制

• DOI: 10.1128/iai.00020-22
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Infection and Immunity
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Rollins-Smith, Louise A.;Reinert, Laura K.;Le Sage, Mitchell;Linney, Kaitlyn N.;Gillard, Bria M.;Umile, Thomas P.;Minbiole, Kevin P.
• 通讯作者: Minbiole, Kevin P.