COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: The Final Frontier: Spectroscopic Probes of Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization

合作研究：最后的前沿：再电离时期的星系光谱探测器

• 批准号: 1815458
• 负责人: Tucker Jones
• 金额: $ 35.19万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1815458&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Final; Frontier; Spectroscopic

The cosmic Dark Ages (before the first stars formed) are thought to have ended around 500 million years after the Big Bang when early light sources produced enough energetic photons to ionize the neutral hydrogen. This era is referred to as reionization. It is when the first galaxies formed. But when exactly did reionization occur and how long did it last? What were the sources responsible for ionizing the neutral gas? Was it the first galaxies or accretion onto black holes? This project will answer these questions by using the best telescopes in the world. The observations will include images and spectra of the first galaxies, which enable a first glimpse of the chemical composition of this important population. The project also includes a strong educational/public outreach component. To help train tomorrow's scientists, the PI will develop an observing course intended for K-12 students. The PI and co-PI are also developing courses for non-science majors.The epoch of reionization, which signified the transformation of the universe from opaque to transparent, is poorly understood. When did it start/end? Was it patchy or smooth? How did galaxies reionize the universe (if they did)? What are the properties of the earliest galaxies? To answer these questions, over the last decades, several surveys have explored the high redshift universe at progressively increasing depth. However, they still either lack the sample size or depth (or both). What emerges from these surveys is that the answers to these questions are likely tied to the properties of even fainter galaxies. This project will address the problem by conducting a spectroscopic study of a large sample of previously unexplored faint galaxy populations at redshifts z 6. This will be achieved by using galaxy clusters that serve as cosmic telescopes and by pre-selecting sources from deep ancillary imaging and low-resolution spectroscopy data. This project will (1) provide the timeline of reionization, (2) identify the exact role first galaxies played in this process, and (3) give insight on the stellar properties of the earliest galaxies. The educational/public outreach component of this project will include developing an observing course for California State Summer School for Mathematics and Science (COSMOS), intended for K-12 students. In addition, the investigators are also developing new university courses entitled the "Physics of California'' and "The physics of sustainable energy'' for non- science majors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

宇宙黑暗时代（在形成第一颗恒星之前）被认为在大爆炸后约5亿年结束，当时早期光源产生了足够的能量光子来电离中性氢。这个时代被称为电源。这是第一个星系形成的时候。但是，何时发生电离，持续了多长时间？什么是导致中性气体电离的来源？是第一个星系还是在黑洞上积聚？该项目将通过使用世界上最好的望远镜来回答这些问题。这些观察结果将包括第一个星系的图像和光谱，这使得能够瞥见这一重要人群的化学成分。该项目还包括强大的教育/公共外展部分。为了帮助培训明天的科学家，PI将开发针对K-12学生的观察课程。 PI和Co-Pi也正在开发非科学专业的课程。电离时代表明宇宙从不透明到透明的转变。它何时开始/结束？是斑点还是光滑？星系如何振兴宇宙（如果这样做）？最早的星系的特性是什么？为了回答这些问题，在过去的几十年中，几项调查探讨了逐渐增加深度的高红移宇宙。但是，他们仍然缺乏样本量或深度（或两者兼有）。从这些调查中出现的是，这些问题的答案可能与甚至淡淡的星系的特性有关。该项目将通过对红移Z 6的大量先前未开发的淡淡的星系群进行光谱研究来解决该问题。这将通过使用用于宇宙望远镜的星系簇和从深层辅助成像和低辅助成像和低分辨率分辨率光谱图数据中进行预播种来实现。该项目将（1）提供电源的时间表，（2）确定在此过程中首先发挥的确切作用，并且（3）洞悉最早的星系的恒星特性。该项目的教育/公共外展部分将包括为加利福尼亚州立大学数学和科学暑期学校（COSMOS）开发观察课程，该课程旨在为K-12学生开发。此外，研究人员还开发了新的大学课程，题为“加利福尼亚的物理学”和“可持续能源的物理学”针对非科学专业的专业。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准通过评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Mass and Light of Abell 370: A Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis

Abell 370 的质量和光：强透镜和弱透镜分析

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae834
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Strait, V.;Bradač, M.;Hoag, A.;Huang, K.-H.;Treu, T.;Wang, X.;Amorin, R.;Castellano, M.;Fontana, A.;Lemaux, B.-C.
• 通讯作者: Lemaux, B.-C.

The size–luminosity relation of lensed galaxies at z ∼ 6–9 in the Hubble Frontier Fields

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac1236
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Lilan Yang;N. Leethochawalit;T. Treu;G. Roberts-Borsani;M. Bradač;S. Birrer;M. Castellano;E. Merlin

The evolution of the size–mass relation at z = 1–3 derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data set

从完整的哈勃前沿场数据集导出的 z = 1−3 处的尺寸与质量关系的演变

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3713
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Yang, Lilan;Roberts-Borsani, Guido;Treu, Tommaso;Birrer, Simon;Morishita, Takahiro;Bradač, Maruša
• 通讯作者: Bradač, Maruša

Constraining Lyman-alpha spatial offsets at 3 < z < 5.5 from VANDELS slit spectroscopy

根据 VANDELS 狭缝光谱将 Lyman-alpha 空间偏移限制在 3 < z < 5.5

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1768
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Hoag, A;Treu, T;Pentericci, L;Amorin, R;Bolzonella, M;Bradač, M;Castellano, M;Cullen, F;Fynbo, J P;Garilli, B
• 通讯作者: Garilli, B

RELICS-DP7: Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Dichromatic Primeval Galaxy at z ∼ 7

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abdf56
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: D. Pelliccia;V. Strait;B. Lemaux;M. Bradač;D. Coe;P. Bolan;L. Bradley;B. Frye;Pratik J. Gandhi;R. Mainali;C. Mason;M. Ouchi;K. Sharon;M. Trenti;A. Zitrin