NeTS: JUNO2: Resilient Disaster Communications in the Social-Media Era

需要帮助的公民、急救人员和其他能够在灾难期间和灾难后提供帮助的人之间的有效和及时的沟通可以极大地影响结果。社交媒体融入日常生活也极大地改变了受害者、志愿者和急救人员在此期间交换信息的方式。该项目是在 JUNO2 计划下与日本合作的项目，将开发一个灾难情况下的通信框架，使关键信息能够在使用多种通信模式的多个团体之间共享，包括使用社交网络为急救人员和志愿者提供超本地援助。但是，安全和信任也很重要，因为对手和恶意行为者经常试图利用脆弱的情况。该通信框架将及时向急救人员、受害者和志愿者提供相关信息，同时使参与者能够相互建立信任，并避免通过恶意节点转发关键信息。该项目旨在对公共安全的管理方式产生重大社会影响，并且同样适用于所有地区，特别是在美国和日本，这两个国家在过去几年中都经历了重大自然灾害。 该项目利用了灾难情况下通信的两项创新：一种新的基于图形的动态命名框架，与以信息为中心的网络层集成，以实现及时通信；以及可用安全的新方法，该方法基于建立源自与急救人员的预先存在的信任的信任链，在参与者之间提供信任关系。命名是支撑现代通信的基础技术之一（例如域名系统或 DNS）。研究人员扩展了信息中心网络 (ICN) 的功能，为命名空间使用丰富的图形结构，并开发了一种复杂但轻量级的前缀匹配，用于基于跨多层信息的转发。命名空间模板的使用将使命名空间的采用和传播变得更加容易。该项目将开发在所有者控制的设备之间及时创建信任关系的方法，利用内容和人类信息来确保设备的人类/所有者的可信度。它还将检验基于人的可信度在灾难中是否有意义，并成为对节点恶意行为的威慑力量，以及系统和用户的信任管理开销是否合理。原型框架/协议栈将安装在加州大学河滨分校和日本大阪大学。将针对涉及大量受害者和急救人员的示例场景进行评估。 PI 将致力于灾害管理通信标准化，包括安全和隐私。该项目中开发的工件将作为开源软件发布，以刺激这一重要领域的进一步实验研究。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Effective and timely communication among citizens in need of help, first responders and others who are able to help during and in the aftermath of a disaster can affect outcomes dramatically. The integration of social media in daily lives has also dramatically changed how victims, volunteers, and first responders exchange information during this time. This project, a collaboration with Japan under the JUNO2, program, will develop a communication framework in disaster situations that enables critical information to be shared among several groups that use multiple modes of communication, including the use of social networks for hyper-local assistance from first responders and volunteers. But, security and trust are also important, because adversaries and malicious actors often seek to exploit a vulnerable situation. The communication framework will provide timely delivery of relevant information to first responders, victims and volunteers while at the same time enabling the participants to establish trust amongst each other and avoid having critical information forwarded through malicious nodes. This project seeks to have significant societal impact in the way public safety is managed and is equally applicable across all geographies, especially in the United States and Japan, both of which have experienced major natural disaster over the past few years. The project leverages two innovations for communication in disaster situations: a new graph-based dynamic naming framework integrated with an information-centric network layer for timely communication; and new approaches to usable security that provide trust relationships among participants based on establishing a trust chain originating from the pre-existing trust with first responders. Naming is one of the fundamental technologies underpinning modern communications (e.g., Domain Name System, or DNS). The researchers extend the capability of Information Centric Networks (ICN) to use rich graph structures for the namespace and develop a sophisticated, but light-weight, prefix matching for forwarding based on information across multiple layers. The use of namespace templates will enable easier adoption and dissemination of the namespace. The project will develop means to create trust relations in a timely manner between devices which are controlled by owners, leveraging both content and human information to ensure trustworthiness of a human/owner of the device. It will also examine whether human-based trustworthiness is meaningful in disasters and becomes a deterrent force against the malicious behavior of nodes and whether the trust management overheads on both systems and users are reasonable. A prototype framework/protocol stack will be installed at both the University of California-Riverside and Osaka University in Japan. Evaluation will be done on example scenarios that involve large numbers of victims and first responders. The PIs will work on standardizing communication for disaster management, including security and privacy. The artifacts developed in this project will be released as open source software to stimulate further experimental research in this important area.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.