SBIR Phase I: High-power, lightweight, and flexible tandem perovskite solar panels

这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力是一个机会，可以开辟依赖于移动的电力的新应用，并大大降低住宅，商业和公用事业规模太阳能发电的成本。该项目将开发使用钙钛矿吸收剂的轻质，灵活，高效的光伏（PV）模块。双结或串联太阳能电池可以通过使用两个吸收层来吸收太阳光谱的互补部分，从而达到比传统单结电池高得多的功率转换效率（45%对32%）;然而，串联电池以前对于主流应用来说过于昂贵。该项目使用钙钛矿材料在柔性基板上制造串联太阳能电池，通过使用高产量制造和低成本材料，成本低于传统电池。这些高效、轻便和灵活的模块将为长续航无人机、电动汽车补充充电、屋顶太弱而无法使用典型电池板的商业建筑的太阳能发电打开大门，并降低住宅、商业和公用事业规模太阳能发电厂的安装、模块和总系统成本。该项目解决了与制造高效、稳定和低成本的柔性钙钛矿串联太阳能电池相关的技术挑战。以前已经展示过Percent串联太阳能电池，但从未以轻质和灵活的形式展示过。这种形式产生了与串联器件堆叠中的许多层的分层相关联的独特的技术挑战，并且还要求每一层对于断裂都是稳健的。柔性钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池的一个关键工作领域是开发坚固、柔性和致密的扩散阻挡层，该扩散阻挡层既可以传导电流又可以阻止离子物质在各层之间的迁移。大部分拟议的工作集中在优化这些阻挡层，以防止各种退化模式，一些是所有钙钛矿太阳能电池的通用模式，一些是钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池的独特模式。其他主要关注领域包括开发一种灵活的器件架构，提高层间粘附力和灵活的封装策略。实现这些目标将为高效和灵活的太阳能电池铺平道路，成本大大低于今天？该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is an opportunity to open up new applications that depend on mobile power and dramatically lower the cost of residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar power. The project will develop lightweight, flexible, and extremely efficient photovoltaic (PV) modules using perovskite absorbers. Double-junction or tandem solar cells can reach far higher power conversion efficiencies than traditional single-junction cells (45% vs. 32%) by using two absorbing layers that absorb complementary parts of the solar spectrum; however, tandem cells have previously been too expensive for mainstream applications. This project uses perovskite materials to make tandem solar cells on flexible substrates at a lower cost than conventional cells by using high-throughput manufacturing and lower-cost materials. These efficient, lightweight, and flexible modules will open the door to long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles, supplemental charging for electric cars, solar power for commercial buildings with roofs too weak for typical panels, and lower installation, module, and total system costs for residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar plants. The proposed project addresses the technical challenges associated with making flexible perovskite tandem solar cells efficient, stable, and low cost. Perovskite tandem solar cells have been demonstrated previously, but never in a lightweight and flexible format. Such a format creates unique technical challenges associated with delamination of the many layers in the tandem device stack, and further requires every layer to be robust to fracture. A critical area of work for flexible perovskite tandem solar cells is in developing robust, flexible, and dense diffusion barrier layers that can both conduct current and block the migration of ionic species between various layers. Much of the proposed work focuses on optimizing these barrier layers to prevent various degradation modes, some general to all perovskite solar cells and some unique to perovskite tandem solar cells. Other key focus areas include developing a flexible device architecture with improved adhesion between layers and a flexible encapsulation strategy. Realizing these goals will pave the way for highly efficient and flexible solar cells at substantially lower costs than today?s leading solar technologies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.