SBIR Phase I: High-power, lightweight, and flexible tandem perovskite solar panels

小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力是一个机会，可以打开依赖移动电源的新应用，并大幅降低住宅、商业和公用事业规模的太阳能发电成本。该项目将开发使用钙钛矿吸收材料的轻质、灵活和极其高效的光伏组件。双结或串联太阳能电池通过使用吸收互补部分太阳能光谱的两个吸收层，可以达到比传统单结电池高得多的功率转换效率(45%比32%)；然而，串联电池以前对于主流应用来说过于昂贵。该项目使用钙钛矿材料，通过使用高通量制造和低成本材料，在柔性衬底上以比传统电池更低的成本制造串联太阳能电池。这些高效、轻便和灵活的组件将为长航时无人机、电动汽车的补充充电、屋顶过于脆弱的商业建筑的太阳能发电以及住宅、商业和公用事业规模的太阳能发电厂更低的安装、模块和总系统成本打开大门。拟议的项目解决了与制造高效、稳定和低成本的柔性钙钛矿型串联太阳能电池相关的技术挑战。钙钛矿型串联太阳能电池以前已经被展示过，但从来没有以轻便灵活的形式展示过。这种格式产生了与串联器件堆栈中的许多层的分层相关的独特技术挑战，并且进一步要求每一层都具有抗断裂能力。柔性钙钛矿串联太阳能电池的一个关键工作领域是开发坚固、灵活和致密的扩散阻挡层，既可以传导电流，又可以阻止离子物种在不同层之间的迁移。许多建议的工作集中在优化这些阻挡层以防止各种退化模式，一些对所有钙钛矿太阳能电池通用，一些钙钛矿串联太阳能电池所独有。其他关键重点领域包括开发具有改进的层之间粘附性的灵活设备架构和灵活的封装策略。实现这些目标将为以比今天低得多的成本制造高效和灵活的太阳能电池铺平道路？S领导着太阳能技术。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is an opportunity to open up new applications that depend on mobile power and dramatically lower the cost of residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar power. The project will develop lightweight, flexible, and extremely efficient photovoltaic (PV) modules using perovskite absorbers. Double-junction or tandem solar cells can reach far higher power conversion efficiencies than traditional single-junction cells (45% vs. 32%) by using two absorbing layers that absorb complementary parts of the solar spectrum; however, tandem cells have previously been too expensive for mainstream applications. This project uses perovskite materials to make tandem solar cells on flexible substrates at a lower cost than conventional cells by using high-throughput manufacturing and lower-cost materials. These efficient, lightweight, and flexible modules will open the door to long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles, supplemental charging for electric cars, solar power for commercial buildings with roofs too weak for typical panels, and lower installation, module, and total system costs for residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar plants. The proposed project addresses the technical challenges associated with making flexible perovskite tandem solar cells efficient, stable, and low cost. Perovskite tandem solar cells have been demonstrated previously, but never in a lightweight and flexible format. Such a format creates unique technical challenges associated with delamination of the many layers in the tandem device stack, and further requires every layer to be robust to fracture. A critical area of work for flexible perovskite tandem solar cells is in developing robust, flexible, and dense diffusion barrier layers that can both conduct current and block the migration of ionic species between various layers. Much of the proposed work focuses on optimizing these barrier layers to prevent various degradation modes, some general to all perovskite solar cells and some unique to perovskite tandem solar cells. Other key focus areas include developing a flexible device architecture with improved adhesion between layers and a flexible encapsulation strategy. Realizing these goals will pave the way for highly efficient and flexible solar cells at substantially lower costs than today?s leading solar technologies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.