SBIR Phase I: A hybrid phasor/waveform simulation tool for the accurate and efficient simulation of large electric power systems with high shares of inverter-based resources

这个小企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力将是开发电力系统动态稳定性评估的改进方法，使可再生能源高效、大规模地整合到全球系统中。脱碳目标和经济机会需要增加基于逆变器的资源，如太阳能、风能和电池储能。在所有电力系统中每一个基于逆变器的可再生资源的互联之前，都需要进行动态稳定性评估。当前的仿真方法不能捕捉逆变器运行的关键细节，或者计算过于复杂和昂贵，无法有效地应用于现实世界的系统。这为简化这一过程的独特模拟功能提供了巨大的潜力。全球市场有机会提供更有效和高效的规划解决方案，使电力系统运营商能够满足这一需求。仅在美国，一个解决方案的授权机会就高达数亿美元。所提出的混合方法结合了计算灵活性和准确性。该解决方案将利用这些方法的成熟度并消除它们的弱点。最终的解决方案将为电力系统运营商和规划人员提供一个宝贵的、新颖的模拟工具，以应对能源转型的挑战。这个项目的智力价值来自于数学方法的发展，这些方法将构成这个混合动力系统动力学仿真工具的基础。现有的工具有明显的弱点。例如，降阶，相域仿真方法不能捕捉逆变器操作的关键方面。详细的波形域方法足以捕获相关动态，但计算成本太高，无法有效地用于现实世界的系统。这些领域是成熟的，但是分开来看，它们不能满足不断变化的需求。将它们混合在一个平台上是一种解决方案，但它需要研究所提出工具的以下三个基本支柱：1)自主边界确定-识别划分两个仿真域的空间（跨越网络）和时间（跨越仿真长度）边界；2)模拟内部模型顺序调整-应用动态模型粒度的所有模拟，但奇异扰动微分系统创建代数关系和减少计算负担时，实质性的细节是不需要的；3)无缝仿真模式切换-识别域之间切换所需的标准。随着SBIR第一阶段项目的成功完成，混合方法的可行性将得到确认，并将实现实施路线图。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will be to develop refined approaches to power system dynamic stability assessments, enabling the efficient, mass integration of renewable energy into systems worldwide. Decarbonization goals and economic opportunity necessitate the increase of inverter-based resources, such as solar, wind, and battery energy storage. A dynamic stability assessment is required before the interconnection of every renewable, inverter-based resource on all power systems. Current simulation approaches do not capture the critical details of inverter operation or are too computationally complex and expensive to be effective with real-world systems. This results in the enormous potential for unique simulation capabilities that streamline this process. There is a global market opportunity for more effective and efficient planning solutions that enable power system operators to meet this need. In the United States, alone, the licensing opportunity for a solution is hundreds of millions of dollars. The proposed hybrid approach combines computational flexibility with accuracy. This solution will leverage the maturity of these approaches and eliminate their weaknesses. The final solution will yield an invaluable, novel simulation tool for power system operators and planners navigating the challenges of the energy transition.The intellectual merit of this project results from the development of mathematical methods that will comprise the foundation of this hybrid power system dynamics simulation tool. Existing tools have clear weaknesses. For example, reduced-order, phasor domain simulation approaches do not capture the critical aspects of inverter operation. Detailed waveform domain approaches are sufficient to capture relevant dynamics but are too computationally expensive to be effective with real-world systems. These domains are mature, but separately they do not meet the changing need. Hybridizing them in a single platform is a solution, but it requires research in the following three foundational pillars of the proposed tool: 1) autonomous boundary determination – identifying the spatial (across the network) and temporal (across the simulation length) boundary that partitions the two simulation domains; 2) intra-simulation model order adjustment – applying dynamical model granularity for all simulations, but singularly perturbing the differential systems to create algebraic relations and reduce computational burden when substantial detail is not required; and 3) seamless simulation mode switching – identifying criteria necessary for switching between domains. With the successful completion of this SBIR Phase I project, the viability of the hybrid approach will be confirmed, and a roadmap for implementation will be realized.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.