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Research in High Energy Physics and Cosmology

高能物理与宇宙学研究

基本信息

批准号：
1820814
负责人：
Matthew Kleban
金额：
$ 30万
依托单位：
New York University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1820814&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Research Energy Physics Cosmology

项目摘要

This award funds the research activities of Professor Matthew B. Kleban at New York University.Recent years have witnessed many profound discoveries in particle physics and cosmology. Gravitational waves from merging black holes were recently detected for the first time, confirming a prediction of Einstein's theory of general relativity and opening an unprecedented new window into the physics of strong gravity and extreme states of matter. Similarly, the Large Hadron Collider discovered the Higgs particle, although this discovery does not suggest any way of solving certain issues such as the so-called "hierarchy problem" or provide any clear hint of what physics exists at shorter distance scales. Likewise, there is strong evidence for dark energy, which is responsible for the accelerated rate of expansion of the current universe, and for cosmic inflation, a period of explosive expansion just after the Big Bang. Yet this evidence tells us little about the underlying physical origin of either phenomenon. A breakthrough in understanding the meaning of these recent profound discoveries would promote the progress of science in a fundamental way, revealing new laws of nature and helping to explain the origin and fate of our universe. Research in this direction thus advances the national interest by furthering the development of basic science within the United States. As part of his research, Professor Kleban will investigate the theoretical consequences of Einstein's theory of general relativity in exotic situations, such as during rapid cosmic expansion and near black holes. He will also study how to understand the effects of quantum mechanics in such situations. Further, he will study the physics of hypothetical particles called "axions" that could play a key role in explaining certain mysterious features of the Standard Model of particle physics. Professor Kleban's work is also envisioned to have broader impacts in the form of public lectures and interviews, and in inspiring and training undergraduate and graduate physics students at New York University. Professor Kleban will also train and aid in the professional development of a postdoctoral researcher who will participate in this research.More technically, Professor Kleban will study the theory of axion landscapes, making use of the techniques he recently developed to push forward our understanding of the cosmology of such theories. He will continue his work on extending a "no-hair theorem" for de Sitter spacetime with inhomogeneous initial conditions in classical general relativity and the problem of initial conditions in inflationary cosmology. Lastly, he will study string theory in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime at a special string-scale radius of curvature, where the theory appears to undergo a phase transition from a phase dominated by black holes to one dominated by long strings.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项资助Matthew B教授的研究活动。近年来，在粒子物理学和宇宙学方面有了许多深刻的发现。最近首次探测到合并黑洞的引力波，证实了爱因斯坦广义相对论的预测，并为强引力和极端物质状态的物理学打开了前所未有的新窗口。类似地，大型强子对撞机发现了希格斯粒子，尽管这一发现并没有提出任何解决某些问题的方法，如所谓的“层次问题”，也没有提供任何关于在较短距离尺度上存在什么物理学的明确提示。同样，暗能量也有强有力的证据，它是造成当前宇宙加速膨胀的原因，也是宇宙暴胀的原因，宇宙暴胀是大爆炸之后的一段爆炸性膨胀时期。然而，这些证据几乎没有告诉我们这两种现象的潜在物理起源。在理解这些最近的深刻发现的意义方面取得突破，将从根本上促进科学的进步，揭示新的自然规律，并有助于解释我们宇宙的起源和命运。因此，这一方向的研究通过促进美国国内基础科学的发展来促进国家利益。作为研究的一部分，Kleban教授将研究爱因斯坦广义相对论在奇异情况下的理论后果，例如在快速宇宙膨胀和黑洞附近。他还将研究如何理解量子力学在这种情况下的影响。此外，他将研究被称为“轴子”的假设粒子的物理学，这可能在解释粒子物理学标准模型的某些神秘特征方面发挥关键作用。 Kleban教授的工作也被设想以公开讲座和访谈的形式产生更广泛的影响，并激励和培训纽约大学的本科生和研究生物理学。 Kleban教授还将培训和帮助一名博士后研究人员的专业发展，该研究人员将参与这项研究。更技术性地说，Kleban教授将研究轴子景观理论，利用他最近开发的技术来推动我们对此类理论的宇宙学的理解。他将继续他的工作扩展“无毛定理”德西特时空与非均匀的初始条件在经典广义相对论和问题的初始条件在膨胀宇宙学。最后，他将在三维反德西特时空中研究特殊弦尺度曲率半径下的弦理论，该理论似乎经历了从黑洞主导的相到长弦主导的相的相变。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估而被认为值得支持。