Doctoral Dissertation Research: Dynamic Socio-economic Systems and Cultural Ecosystem Services: The case of oyster aquaculture.

博士论文研究：动态社会经济系统和文化生态系统服务：牡蛎养殖案例。

• 批准号: 1822266
• 负责人: Laura Shaffer
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822266&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Dynamic; Socio

The research supported by this award will investigate cultural ecosystem services. Ecosystem services, the benefits provided by an ecosystem, are one basis for assigning value to healthy ecosystems. Services include the capacity of an ecosystem to provide food and water, to help mitigate environmental impacts, to produce essential nutrients, and to provide cultural opportunities and experiences. Cultural ecosystem services, such as fishing and birdwatching, are hard to price, however, and consequently have received less attention even though they may outweigh other services in terms of perceived importance. To enhance understanding of cultural ecosystem services, the researcher will investigate fishing-related cultural services and the impacts that may result from the introduction of aquaculture to supplement or replace declining fisheries. The research is important because fisheries throughout the United States are threatened. Communities risk losing the industry that shaped their towns, local identities, and associated jobs unless alternatives are introduced that can match all of the services associated with their declining fishery, including the highly valued cultural services. The research will be undertaken by University of Maryland anthropology doctoral student Adriane Michaelis, who is supervised by Dr. Laura J. Shaffer. The researcher has chosen to focus on oyster aquaculture, which, although known to provide many of the services associated with wild oyster fisheries, has not been studied from the perspective of its associated cultural services. The research has a comparative design. Data collection will take place in three culturally distinctive regions -- the Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, and coastal New England --where aquaculture of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) now occurs. The research is framed with three overarching questions: 1) What are the cultural services obtained through oyster aquaculture and how do they rank amongst related ecosystem services? 2) How do these cultural services vary regionally and according to different participant attributes? 3) Can oyster aquaculture provide the same types of cultural services as public fisheries? The researcher will gather data through a mix of ethnographic methods including through semi-structured interviews with oyster farmers, commercial fishermen, and community members; participant observation; photovoice; and a Q-sort survey using a standard platform. By looking at the effects of shifting from public to private fisheries, findings from the research will contribute to improved social scientific understanding of socio-ecological systems as dynamic systems. Findings will also help resource managers expand their understanding of the costs and benefits of different management choices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持的研究将调查文化生态系统服务。生态系统服务，即生态系统提供的惠益，是为健康的生态系统确定价值的基础之一。服务包括生态系统提供食物和水、帮助减轻环境影响、生产基本营养素以及提供文化机会和体验的能力。然而，诸如捕鱼和观鸟等文化生态系统服务很难定价，因此受到的关注较少，尽管这些服务的重要性可能超过其他服务。为了加强对文化生态系统服务的理解，研究人员将调查与渔业相关的文化服务以及引入水产养殖以补充或取代衰退的渔业可能产生的影响。 这项研究很重要，因为整个美国的渔业都受到威胁。社区有可能失去塑造其城镇、地方身份和相关工作的产业，除非引入替代品，使其能够与渔业衰退相关的所有服务相匹配，包括高度重视的文化服务。这项研究将由马里兰州大学人类学博士生Adriane Michaelis进行，他由Laura J. Shaffer博士监督。研究人员选择专注于牡蛎养殖，虽然已知提供许多与野生牡蛎渔业相关的服务，但尚未从其相关的文化服务的角度进行研究。本研究采用了比较研究的设计。数据收集将在三个文化独特的地区进行-切萨皮克湾、墨西哥湾和沿海的新英格兰-这些地区现在是东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）的水产养殖地。研究的框架是三个首要问题：1）通过牡蛎养殖获得的文化服务是什么，以及它们如何在相关的生态系统服务中排名？2)这些文化服务如何因区域和参与者的不同属性而有所不同？3)牡蛎养殖能否提供与公共渔业相同的文化服务？研究人员将通过混合民族志方法收集数据，包括通过对牡蛎养殖户，商业渔民和社区成员的半结构化访谈;参与者观察; photovoice;以及使用标准平台的Q排序调查。通过研究从公共渔业转向私营渔业的影响，研究结果将有助于提高对社会生态系统作为动态系统的社会科学理解。调查结果还将帮助资源管理人员扩大他们的成本和不同的管理选择的好处的理解。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。