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Leveraging mPFC engagement to induce improvements in older adults' memory

利用 mPFC 参与来改善老年人的记忆力

基本信息

批准号：
1823795
负责人：
Elizabeth Kensinger
金额：
$ 59.74万
依托单位：
Boston College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-15 至 2022-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1823795&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Leveraging mPFC engagement induce improvements

项目摘要

The demands of the modern world require continuous learning throughout the lifespan. Even with increasing evidence that there are optimal brain states (e.g. patterns of synchronous neural activity) for learning and memory, little is known about how these optimal states may shift across the lifespan or what may be done to achieve an optimal state during task learning and performance. The proposed research tests the general hypothesis that training older adults to use neural circuitry that is relatively preserved in aging may enable them to continue use of that circuitry when asked to learn or to retrieve information. The potential impact of this research for the later-life learning is high. It could lead to new strategies to teach older adults how to maximize their chance of memory success, especially in scenarios when a learning task is imminent, such as when in an appointment with a physician. Using social media and in-person events, this project will provide outreach activities to inform older adults about scientific findings pertinent to their understanding of brain and cognitive aging. Lateral prefrontal cortex (IPFC) engagement corresponds with memory success. Older adults recruit IPFC differently than younger adults, and age seems to alter connections between IPFC and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions critical for successful memory. Older adults remain able to recruit medial prefrontal lobe regions (mPFC) into memory networks and show relative preservation of the control processes implemented by mPFC. Even though later-life learners can recruit mPFC regions in the service of memory, they often do not; instead, they rely on additional recruitment of lPFC to compensate. The overarching goal of this project is to test whether older adults will perform optimally on learning and memory tasks when they can recruit mPFC into memory networks, and whether they are more likely to do so when that recruitment is facilitated or primed by tasks that encourage mPFC engagement in moments that precede encoding (Aim 1) or retrieval (Aim 2). The selected tasks (e.g. listening to music, reflecting on the self, or retrieving memories) have separately been shown to enhance older adults' memory performance and to increase mPFC engagement. Participants will engage in these tasks prior to undertaking a memory task, with brain activity measured via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It is hypothesized that older adults' behavioral memory enhancements are mediated by mPFC recruitment, and engaging in these tasks prior to learning or retrieval will increase memory performance. This project brings together researchers with complementary expertise in the cognitive neuroscience of aging and memory, socioemotional memory, use of fMRI and quantitative methods, and specific experience with the task manipulations to be used in this study.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

现代世界的需求要求在整个生命周期中不断学习。即使有越来越多的证据表明，存在学习和记忆的最佳大脑状态（例如同步神经活动的模式），但人们对这些最佳状态如何在整个生命周期中发生变化或在任务学习和执行期间如何实现最佳状态知之甚少。这项拟议中的研究测试了一个普遍的假设，即训练老年人使用在衰老过程中相对保存下来的神经回路，可能使他们在被要求学习或检索信息时继续使用该回路。本研究对未来学习的潜在影响是高的。它可能会导致新的策略，教老年人如何最大限度地提高记忆成功的机会，特别是在学习任务即将完成的情况下，例如与医生预约时。利用社交媒体和面对面的活动，该项目将提供外展活动，向老年人介绍与他们对大脑和认知老化的理解有关的科学发现。外侧前额叶皮层（IPFC）的参与与记忆成功相对应。老年人与年轻人招募IPFC的方式不同，年龄似乎改变了IPFC与内侧颞叶（MTL）区域之间的联系，这对成功的记忆至关重要。老年人仍然能够招募内侧前额叶区域（mPFC）到记忆网络中，并显示出相对保存的mPFC实现的控制过程。尽管晚年学习者可以招募mPFC区域来记忆，但他们通常不会这样做;相反，他们依赖于额外的LPFC补充来补偿。该项目的总体目标是测试老年人是否会在学习和记忆任务中表现最佳，当他们可以将mPFC招募到记忆网络中时，以及当招募被鼓励mPFC参与编码（目标1）或检索（目标2）之前的时刻的任务促进或启动时，他们是否更有可能这样做。所选的任务（例如听音乐，反思自我或检索记忆）已分别被证明可以增强老年人的记忆表现并增加mPFC的参与。参与者将在进行记忆任务之前参与这些任务，通过功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）测量大脑活动。据推测，老年人的行为记忆增强是由mPFC募集介导的，在学习或提取之前参与这些任务将提高记忆表现。该项目汇集了在衰老和记忆的认知神经科学，社会情感记忆，功能磁共振成像和定量方法的使用，以及本研究中使用的任务操作的具体经验方面具有互补专长的研究人员。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。