National Historical Geographic Information System

国家历史地理信息系统

• 批准号: 1825768
• 负责人: Steven Manson
• 金额: $ 99.99万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1825768&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: National; Historical; Geographic; Information; System

This research project will enhance and expand the IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) database. NHGIS is the nation's most comprehensive source for census data, geographic data, and metadata describing population characteristics of American regions, places, and neighborhoods from 1790 to the present. This project will provide new spatiotemporal data and tools for the analysis of spatial change. The enhanced database is needed for basic social research and policy analysis because models and descriptions of the past underlie both theories of past social change and projections into the future. The project outcomes will be important not only for academic research, but also for social science training, journalism, policy research at the state and local levels, and private sector research. The planned improvements will expand the impact of NHGIS by making it more powerful and accessible. Data access and product enhancements will facilitate a range of new research applications and data visualizations drawing directly from the massive NHGIS data collection. A geographically standardized time series will minimize researchers' need to create their own data using crosswalks, to decide which census concepts are compatible or consistent over time, or to pay for commercial solutions. This project will educate and train undergraduate and graduate students from underrepresented populations through the Minnesota Population Center's Summer Diversity Fellowship Program. NHGIS provides a unique laboratory for the spatial analysis of economic and social processes and offers the empirical foundation needed for developing and testing models of society.Over the next five years, this project will implement four major improvements to the NHGIS infrastructure: (1) Spatiotemporal data integration and assessment. Census unit boundaries frequently change between censuses, making it difficult to analyze population changes over time and space. The project team will extend NHGIS geographically standardized time series to cover more years and subjects using optimized interpolation models, produce robust margins of errors for standardized estimates, and thoroughly assess standardized data accuracy. (2) Geocoding of restricted-access census microdata for the 1990 and 2000 censuses. To assess geographically standardized time series, the project team will produce high-quality benchmark data by geocoding individual-level 1990 and 2000 census responses and assigning them to 2010 census units. They also will disseminate the geocoded coordinates to approved researchers through the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers. (3) Data access and product enhancements. The project team will produce a robust public Application Programming Interface (API) and R package to deliver data programmatically. They also will expand the NHGIS collection of GIS files to include cartographically generalized boundaries, water and road data, and population center points. (4) User support, outreach, and dissemination. The project will sustain and expand NHGIS education and outreach efforts, offering individual user support and in-person workshops and creating data visualizations that highlight unique or underutilized NHGIS data on subjects of interest to a broad audience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究项目将加强和扩大IPUMS国家历史地理信息系统（NHGIS）数据库。NHGIS是美国最全面的人口普查数据，地理数据和元数据来源，描述了从1790年到现在美国地区，地方和社区的人口特征。该项目将为空间变化分析提供新的时空数据和工具。基础社会研究和政策分析需要增强的数据库，因为过去的模式和描述是过去社会变革理论和未来预测的基础。项目成果不仅对学术研究很重要，而且对社会科学培训、新闻、州和地方各级的政策研究以及私营部门的研究也很重要。计划中的改进将扩大NHGIS的影响，使其更加强大和易于使用。数据访问和产品增强将促进一系列新的研究应用程序和数据可视化直接从大量的NHGIS数据收集。一个地理标准化的时间序列将最大限度地减少研究人员使用人行横道创建自己的数据的需要，以决定哪些普查概念是兼容的或随着时间的推移是一致的，或支付商业解决方案。该项目将通过明尼苏达州人口中心的夏季多样性奖学金方案，教育和培训来自代表性不足人口的本科生和研究生。NHGIS为经济和社会过程的空间分析提供了一个独特的实验室，并为开发和测试社会模型提供了经验基础，在未来五年内，该项目将对NHGIS基础设施进行四项重大改进：（1）时空数据集成和评估。人口普查单位的边界在两次人口普查之间经常变化，因此很难分析人口在时间和空间上的变化。项目团队将扩展NHGIS地理标准化时间序列，以使用优化的插值模型覆盖更多年份和主题，为标准化估计产生稳健的误差幅度，并彻底评估标准化数据的准确性。(2)对1990年和2000年人口普查限制使用的人口普查微观数据进行地理编码。为了评估地理标准化时间序列，项目小组将通过对1990年和2000年人口普查答复进行地理编码并将其分配到2010年人口普查单位，从而产生高质量的基准数据。他们还将通过联邦统计研究数据中心向经批准的研究人员传播地理编码坐标。(3)数据访问和产品增强。项目团队将开发一个强大的公共应用程序编程接口（API）和R包，以编程方式交付数据。他们还将扩展NHGIS的GIS文件集，以包括制图概括的边界，水和道路数据，以及人口中心点。(4)用户支持、外联和传播。该项目将维持和扩大NHGIS教育和推广工作，提供个人用户支持和面对面的研讨会，并创建数据可视化，突出独特的或未充分利用的NHGIS数据对感兴趣的主题，以广泛的audio.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。