Doctoral Dissertation Research: Native American Lifeways on the Grand Ronde Reservation, Oregon, USA

关于美洲原住民保留地的历史和人类学研究提供了对许多空间、环境和时间背景下的原住民经验的洞察。然而，这项研究基本上缺乏对保留实质性的理解，即联邦政策和土著活动是如何在保留的房屋、工具、食物和其他与日常生活相关的物品中表现出来的。考古学非常适合填补这一空白。与保留地的书面和民族志资料主要由具有明确政治议程的非土著外来者组成不同，考古记录保存了多种环境中土著习俗的证据，包括那些存在于联邦官员视线之外的地方。该项目结合了考古学和档案研究，记录了生活在俄勒冈州西北部大朗德保护区的土著社区的经历。作为两个以社区为基础的研究项目的一部分，该项目将为本科生和研究生提供考古实地和实验室培训。它还将扩大大隆德部落成员参与研究的所有方面的机会，实现增加土著人民对考古的参与和加强社区识别和保护部落遗产的能力的双重目标。结果将通过大学数据库以及在当地博物馆、学术会议和大隆德活动上的公开演示获得。位于考古学、历史学和美洲原住民研究的交叉点上，这项工作将为美国殖民主义、美国原住民历史和以社区为基础的社会科学研究的价值提供新的见解。与大隆德历史保护办公室合作，该项目的首席调查人员将研究旨在终止土著生活方式的联邦政策与大隆德生存之间的相互作用，大隆德生存是一个保护、调整和创造文化传统的过程。该项目的重点是从19世纪50年代到至少20世纪20年代部落成员使用的保留居住区。地图证据表明，这个遗址是一个更大的定居战略的一部分，通过这个战略，大隆德社区重申了不同土著群体之间的历史关系。将利用考古调查和挖掘来评估维持预留做法的类似尝试是否影响了内部房屋的组织，特别是壁炉箱和地下储藏区的建造以及饮食构成。将回收的文物与保留前的考古遗址和档案材料进行比较，将揭示大隆德社区采用的策略，将外来的、往往充满敌意的景观改造成文化上熟悉的家园。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Historical and anthropological scholarship on Native American reservations has provided insight into Native experiences in numerous spatial, environmental, and temporal contexts. Largely absent from this research, however, is an understanding of reservation materiality, that is, how federal policies and Native activities were made manifest in reservation homes, tools, foods, and other objects associated with daily life. Archaeology is well-suited to fill this gap. Unlike written and ethnographic sources, which on reservations were composed primarily by non-Native outsiders with clear political agendas, the archaeological record preserves evidence of Native practices in multiple settings, including those that existed out of sight of federal officials. This project combines archaeological and archival research to document the experiences of Native communities living on the Grand Ronde Reservation in northwestern Oregon. Conducted as part of two community-based research initiatives, this project will provide archaeological field and laboratory training to undergraduate and graduate students. It will also extend opportunities to Grand Ronde tribal members to participate in all aspects of the research, accomplishing the dual goals of increasing the participation of Native people in archaeology and enhancing the capacity of the community to identify and protect tribal heritage. Results will be made available through university data repositories and public presentations at local museums, academic conferences, and Grand Ronde events. Situated at the intersections of archaeology, history, and Native American studies, this work will lend new insight into American colonialism, Native American history, and the value of community-based research in the social sciences. In collaboration with the Grand Ronde Historic Preservation Office, the project's Principal Investigators will examine the interplay between federal policies aimed at terminating Native lifeways and Grand Ronde survivance, a process of preserving, adapting, and creating cultural traditions. The project focuses on a reservation habitation area used by tribal members from the 1850s through at least the 1920s. Cartographic evidence suggests that this site was part of a larger settlement strategy through which the Grand Ronde community reiterated historic relationships between different Native groups. Archaeological survey and excavation will be used to assess whether similar attempts to maintain pre-reservation practices influenced interior house organization, especially the construction of hearth boxes and sub-floor storage areas, and diet composition. Comparing recovered artifacts to pre-reservation archaeological sites and archival material will reveal the strategies employed by the Grand Ronde community to remake a foreign and often hostile landscape into a culturally familiar home.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.