Impact of Building Design Attributes on Occupant Behavior in Response to Active Shooter Incidents in Offices and Schools

建筑设计属性对办公室和学校枪击事件中居住者行为的影响

• 批准号: 1826443
• 负责人: Burcin Becerik-Gerber
• 金额: $ 40.25万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1826443&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; Building; Design; Attributes; Occupant

This project studies how various factors such as building design, size and demographics of the crowd, and individual differences like one's familiarity with the building impact responses to active shooter incidents. Fundamental questions addressed by the project include: 1) How do building attributes designed to enhance security affect human behavior during active shooter incidents? 2) How do individual factors moderate occupant responses? and 3) How does the setting of the incident or familiarity with building affect occupants' situational awareness and occupant behavior? The project explores these objectives by conducting human subject experiments using Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs). This scientific research contribution thus supports NSF's mission to promote the progress of science and to advance our national welfare. In this case, the benefits will be insights to improve preparedness and response to active shooter events, which will save lives and reduce panic, anger and confusion during these events. The project supports education and promotes diversity through outreach activities aimed at recruiting and retaining under-represented students in research. The project models the built environment in virtual reality, simulating the behavior of both the adversaries and the crowd. By exposing participants to an active shooter incident using IVE, the researchers can measure their responses in realistic ways that are not possible outside the laboratory environment. Task 1 uses IVEs and agent-based simulations to create representative virtual built environments and realistic active shooter scenarios. There are three critical elements in the development of the IVEs: building attributes that enhance security, setting (school vs. office building), and virtual actors (crowd/adversary). Task 2 examines how various factors (building design attributes, individual factors, participant role, crowd setting, and familiarity with building layout) affect responses to active shooter incidents. Simulation scenarios will include security enhanced buildings versus standard buildings, and school versus office versions. The project outcomes can inform safer building designs and operations and train occupants and security personnel on how to respond to human-enabled catastrophic events, thus saving lives.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目研究了诸如人群的建筑设计，规模和人口统计等各种因素以及对建筑物对活动射击事件的影响的熟悉程度的个人差异。 项目解决的基本问题包括：1）旨在增强安全性的构建属性如何影响主动射击事件期间人类行为？ 2）单个因素如何中等居住者的反应？ 3）事件或熟悉建筑物的设置如何影响居住者的情境意识和居住者行为？该项目通过使用沉浸式虚拟环境（IVE）进行人类主题实验来探讨这些目标。因此，这项科学研究的贡献支持NSF促进科学进步并促进我们的民族福利的使命。在这种情况下，好处将是提高对积极射击事件的准备和反应的见解，这将挽救生命并减少这些事件期间的恐慌，愤怒和困惑。该项目通过旨在招募和保留代表性不足的学生研究的外展活动来支持教育并促进多样性。该项目在虚拟现实中建立了建筑环境，模拟了对手和人群的行为。通过使用IVE将参与者暴露于活跃的射手事件中，研究人员可以以现实的方式来衡量他们的反应，而这些方法是在实验室环境之外不可能的。任务1使用IVE和基于代理的模拟创建代表性的虚拟构建环境和现实的主动射击游戏。 IVES的发展中有三个关键要素：建立属性，可以增强安全性，设置（学校与办公室建设）和虚拟演员（人群/对手）。任务2研究了各种因素（建筑设计属性，个人因素，参与者角色，人群设置和对建筑布局的熟悉程度）如何影响对主动射击事件的反应。仿真方案将包括安全增强的建筑物与标准建筑物，以及学校与办公室版本。该项目的结果可以为更安全的建筑设计和运营提供信息，并培训乘员和安全人员如何应对以人为支持的灾难性事件的反应，从而挽救生命。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Building preparedness in response to active shooter incidents: Results of focus group interviews

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101617
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: International journal of disaster risk reduction
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Runhe Zhu;Gale M. Lucas;B. Becerik-Gerber;Erroll Southers

An integrated emotional and physiological assessment for VR-based active shooter incident experiments

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aei.2020.101227
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Awada, Mohamad;Zhu, Runhe;Southers, Erroll
• 通讯作者: Southers, Erroll

Built Environment and Infrastructure Monitoring, Assessment, and Maintenance

建筑环境和基础设施监测、评估和维护

• DOI: 10.1061/9780784482445.024
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019
• 作者: Zhu, Runhe;Becerik-Gerber, Burcin;Lucas, Gale;Southers, Erroll;Pynadath, David V.
• 通讯作者: Pynadath, David V.