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Emergence of Organizational Forms of Data Governance in the Big Data Era

大数据时代数据治理组织形态的出现

基本信息

批准号：
1827952
负责人：
Jenifer Winter
金额：
$ 21.5万
依托单位：
University of Hawaii
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1827952&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Emergence Organizational Forms Data Governance

项目摘要

Today, previously unimaginable varieties and volume of "big data" are collected and aggregated through information and communication technologies. This project addresses one of the grand challenges of this big data era - how can we harness these resources for societal good amidst many competing claims on the value to be derived from these data and the substantial risks for individual privacy and security? In the health care sector, yielding the greatest value possible from rapidly expanding digitalized health data resources is essential to address pressing societal issues related to cost, quality, safety and access. Health data governance remains challenged by technical, institutional and competitive factors. How health data are governed - by whom, for what purposes, on whose behalf and through what organizational forms and structures - are vital questions. This project examines how organizational forms develop around health data resources. Viewing health data as shared societal resources rather than merely as organizational assets calls into question whether new governance forms can develop, what influences their emergence, and what factors enable or limit effective governance of these resources. The findings from this study will develop new knowledge with application for policy settings as well for health system leaders and technology innovators on how to alter organizational forms to produce more value from health data and thereby improve the health care system and benefit public welfare. Findings will be disseminated to relevant health data organizations and associations such as the National Association of Health Data Organizations. This interdisciplinary project spanning communications, public health and information technology management contributes to research capabilities and educational curricula for health data management, data science, and information policy. This project investigates three research questions: (1) What organizational forms emerge to address challenges and opportunities of big data governance? (2) What institutional and sociotechnical factors enable or inhibit the establishment of new organizational forms of data governance? (3) How do varied organizational forms address the multiple, possibly conflicting, interests and values of societal and organizational stakeholders to enhance value realized from data resources? These questions are addressed through a series of embedded case studies of an emerging organization form of health data governance, the All-Payer Claims Databases (APCD) in the U.S. health care sector. The three phases include a historical analysis of the APCD movement at the national level including the All-Payer Claims Database Council, in-depth case studies of four states' APCDs, and field-level analysis of the State of Hawai'i APCD project. Through comparative case analysis, the research examines how and why there is significant variation in organizational forms among 30 state projects and what are the implications for the societal, organizational, and individual value realized through these resources. The project supports theorizing the process and outcomes of governance form emergence, develops a series of embedded case study reports of APCDs, and creates an analytical codebook and structure useful for analyzing governance of other health data domains.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

如今，通过信息和通信技术，收集和聚合了以前无法想象的种类和数量的“大数据”。这个项目解决了这个大数据时代的重大挑战之一--在关于这些数据的价值以及对个人隐私和安全的巨大风险的许多相互竞争的主张中，我们如何利用这些资源造福社会？在保健部门，从迅速扩大的数字化保健数据资源中产生尽可能大的价值，对于解决与成本、质量、安全和获取有关的紧迫社会问题至关重要。卫生数据治理仍然受到技术、体制和竞争因素的挑战。如何管理健康数据--由谁管理、出于什么目的、代表谁以及通过什么组织形式和结构--是至关重要的问题。这个项目考察了组织形式是如何围绕卫生数据资源发展的。将卫生数据视为共享的社会资源，而不仅仅是组织资产，这让人质疑新的治理形式是否能够发展，是什么影响了这些形式的出现，以及哪些因素能够或限制对这些资源的有效治理。这项研究的结果将为卫生系统领导人和技术创新者开发新的知识，应用于政策制定，了解如何改变组织形式，从卫生数据中产生更多价值，从而改善卫生保健系统并造福于公共福利。调查结果将分发给相关的卫生数据组织和协会，如全国卫生数据组织协会。这一跨学科项目横跨通信、公共卫生和信息技术管理，有助于卫生数据管理、数据科学和信息政策的研究能力和教育课程。本项目调查了三个研究问题：(1)出现了哪些组织形式来应对大数据治理的挑战和机遇？(2)哪些制度和社会技术因素促进或抑制了新的数据治理组织形式的建立？(3)不同的组织形式如何解决社会和组织利益相关者的多重、可能冲突的利益和价值观，以提高从数据资源中实现的价值？这些问题是通过一系列嵌入的医疗数据治理组织形式的案例研究来解决的，这一组织形式是美国医疗保健部门的所有付款人索赔数据库(APCD)。这三个阶段包括在国家一级对APCD运动的历史分析，包括对所有付款人索赔数据库理事会的分析，对四个州APCD的深入案例研究，以及对夏威夷APCD项目的实地分析。通过比较案例分析，本研究考察了30个国家项目的组织形式如何以及为什么会有显著差异，以及通过这些资源实现的社会、组织和个人价值的含义是什么。该项目支持将出现的治理过程和结果理论化，开发了一系列嵌入APCDS的案例研究报告，并创建了有助于分析其他健康数据领域治理的分析代码簿和结构。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。